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Eugenics  Record  Office 

BULLETIN  No.  7 

THE  FAMILY-HISTORY  BOOK 

COMPILED  BY 

CHARLES  B.  DAVENPORT 

FROM  RECORDS  AND  SCHEDULES  FURNISHED  BT 


GEO.  S.  AMSDEN,  M.  D. 
WILLIAM  F.  BLADES 
FLORENCE  H.  DANIELSON 
MARY  O.  DRANGA 
W.  E.  DAVENPORT 
A.  H.  ESTABROOK 
H.  H.  GODDARD 
WINIFRED  HATHAWAY 


W.  M.  HEALY,  M.  D. 
AUGUST  HOGH,  M.  D. 
E.  R.  JOHNSTONE 
H.  H.  LAUGHLIN 
RUTH  S.  MOXCEY 
E.  B.  MUNCEY,  M.  D. 
HELEN  T.  REEVES 
DAVID  F.  WEEKS,  M.  D. 


With  sixteen  figures  in  text  and 
six  plates 


Cold  Spring  Harbor,  N.  Y. 
September,  1912 


Eugenics  Record  Office 

BULLETIN  No.  7 

THE  FAMILY-HISTORY  BOOK 


COMPILED  BY 


CHARLES  B.  .DAVENPORT 


FROM  RECORDS  AND  SCHEDULES  FURNISHED  BY 


GEO.  S.  AMSDEN,  M.  D. 
WILLIAM  F.  BLADES 
FLORENCE  H.  DANIELSON 
MARY  O.  DRANGA 
W.  E.  DAVENPORT 
A.  H.  ESTABROOK 
H.  H.  GODDARD 
WINIFRED  HATHAWAY 


W.  M.  HEALY,  M.  D. 
AUGUST  HOGH,  M.  D. 
E.  R.  JOHNSTONE 
H.  H.  LAUGHLIN 
RUTH  S.  MOXCEY 
E.  B.  MUNCEY,  M.  D. 
HELEN  T.  REEVES 
DAVID  F.  WEEKS,  M.  D. 


With  sixteen  figures  in  text  and 
six  plates 


Cold  Spring  Harbor,  X.  Y 
September,  1912 


/yQ7V7 

Z^  3 


p&<^ 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 


Introduction 6 

I.     The  Record  of  Family  Traits 7 

Sample  Record 7 

II.     Genealogical  Records 13 

a.  The  Genealogy  of  the  X  Family 14 

b.  The  History  of  the  Beecher-Foote  Family 28 

III.  Data  Furnished  by  Biographies 36 

Example  i 37 

Example  2 38 

IV.  The  Record  of  Special  Traits 40 

V.     Records  of  Recent  Immigrants,  by  Rev.  W.  E.  Davenport 46 

Vl.     Records  of  Negro- White  Crosses,  by  Florence  H.  Danielson 51 

\'II.     Records  of  the  Feeble-minded  and  Paupers 53 

Family  History  of  Emma  H.,  by  Helen  T.  Reeves 53 

The  Nam  Family — Dr.  A.  H.  Estabrook 58 

VIII.     Records  of  Epilepsy 62 

Study  of  an  Epileptic  Family 63 

IX.     Records  of  the  Insane 64 

a.  Guide  to  Analysis  of  Personality — Drs.   George  S.  Amsden  and 

August  Hoch 64 

b.  Record  of  the  C  Family,  with  much  Insanity,  by  R.  S.  Moxcey. . .   67 

c.  Huntington's  Chorea,  by  Dr.  Elizabeth  B.  Muncey 73 

X.     Records  of  the  Criminalistic,     Data  furnished  by  Dr.  W.  M.  Healy 

and  Mrs.  Mary  O.  Dranga 74 

XI.     Records  of  Sex  Offense 76 

Family  History  of  an  Inmate  of  a  Girls'  Home,  by  Mrs.  Winifred 
Hathaway 77 

XII.     The  Study  of  Human  Heredity,  by  Davenport,  Goddard,  Johnstone, 

Laughlin  and  Weeks 85 

1 .  The  Field  Worker 85 

2.  The  Chart 87 

3.  The  Description 90 

4.  Methods  of  Analysis 92 

Appendix  i — Forms  for  written  Description  of  the  Chart 95 

Plates  I-V 96 

Synopsis  of  Abbreviations  Adopted loi 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2008  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/familyhistorybooOOdaverich 


INTRODUCTION. 

One  of  the  commonest  requests  made  of  the  Eugenics  Record 
Office  by  those  who  are  anxious  to  cooperate  in  gathering  data  is  for 
''blank  schedules."  Some  such  schedules  we  have,  indeed,  provided ; 
but  it  is  impracticable  to  devise  schedules  that  will  meet  all  require- 
ments. The  trained  field  workers  of  the  Eugenics  Record  Office  are 
not  encouraged  to  use  definite  schedules,  but  to  secure  data  adapted 
to  giving  information  on  the  specific  points  they  are  studying.  They 
are  provided  with  paper  ruled  to  facilitate  the  making  of  charts  and 
writing  descriptions  in  duplicate.  The  purpose  of  the  present  com- 
pilation is  to  show  how  the  various  sorts  of  family  histories  are  pre- 
pared. The  histories  printed  here  have  often  been  much  abbreviated 
from  the  original,  in  order  to  keep  the  whole  work  within  desirable 
limits,  but  enough  is  given  to  illustrate  the  method  of  recording 
Family  Histories  of  the  different  classes.  The  figures  were  prepared 
by  i\Ir.  William  F.  Blades. 

The  records  are  here  printed  without  names,  excepting  those  that 
are  taken  from  published  books.  This  is  in  accordance  with  the  agree- 
ment made  with  those  who  furnish  records ;  namely,  that  data  is  held 
as  confidential.  ''Confidential"  means  that  no  names  will  be  published 
nor  the  data  permitted  to  be  used  so  as  to  furnish  food  for  one  of 
the  most  unfortunate  "depraved"  appetites  that  a  human  being  can  be 
cursed  with — a  love  of  gossip  and  scandal-mongering.  Data  are  used 
for  study  and  analysis  and  for  publication  of  the  results  so  as  to  be  of 
scientific  and  social  use.  Data  may  be  furnished  to  students  for 
scientific  inquiry,  to  those  contemplating  marriage,  and  even,  in  some 
cases,  to  state  officials,  to  whom  organized  society  has  a  right  to  look 
for  the  care  of  its  broadest  interests.  It  is  hoped  that  it  will  in  time 
come  to  be  generally  regarded  as  a  social  duty  to  record  and  deposit 
in  tlie  vault  of  the  Eugenics  Record  Office  data  concerning  the  heredi- 
tarv  traits  of  one's  familv. 


I.     THE  RECORD  OF   FAMILY  TRAITS. 

• 
Xote:     The   Eugenics   Record   Office    (in   combination   with   the 

Carnegie  Institute  of  Washington's  Depar.tment  of  Experimental  Evo- 

hition)    has   issued   printed   schedules  with-  the  f^bove  tide,  of   which 

over    10,000   have   been   distributed.      The .  person,  who    receives   the 

schedule  assigns  himself  to  a  place  in  the  pttdigree-^as . f athei ,-  mother, 

child,   etc. — and   places   his   relatives   to   corresponding   places   in   the 

schedule.     The  commonest  error  made  in  filling  out  the  schedule  is  a 

curiously  egocentric  one:  under  "Father"  is  given  the  writer's  father; 

under  "Child  Xo.  1"  the  writer's  first  child;  and  the  writer  and  his 

or   her  consort   nowhere   appear.     The   safest  method   is   to   describe 

oneself  first.     The  value  of  the  Record  of  Family  Traits  is,  for  the 

Record  Office,  that  it  demonstrates  the  existence  of,  and  locates,  the 

numerous  strains  with  dissimilar  traits.     Here  is  a  tubercular  family, 

here  a  family  resistant  to  lung  diseases.     There  is  a  familv  of  farmers, 

here  of  seamen,  and  so  on. 

The  Eugenics  Record  Office  will  send  a  copy  of  the  blank  schedule 
to  any  person  who  will  undertake  to  fill  it  out  and  return  it.  The 
Office  will  gladly  send  a  second  copy  to  any  collaborator  in  order  that 
a  copy  may  be  kept  in  the  family.  It  is  very  desirable  that  a  record 
of  traits  should  be  made  as  soon  as  possible;  for  as  the  older  people 
die  they  carry  with  them  many  facts  of  family  history  that,  unless 
recorded,  become  lost  forever. 

The  sample  Record  given  is  one  of  a  school  teacher:  pride  and 
sensitiveness  derived  from  the  mother's  side ;  with  energy,  dictatorial- 
ness  and  some  artistic  talent  from  the  father's  side. 

SAMPLE  RECORD. 

father's  father. 

J.  E.  Born  Oct.  6,  1805,  near  Nashville,  Tenn. ;  resided  always 
on  the  farm  where  he  was  born  ;  occupation :  school  teacher,  farmer. 
In  middle  age,  liable  to  hemorrhoids;  died  at  76  of  Bright's  disease; 
a  good  farmer ;  honest  to  a  dot ;  did  not  slight  his  work ;  capable  and 
respected ;  fond  of  books  and  a  joke ;  delicate  looking,  though  quite 
healthy. 

father's  mother. 

M.  C.  Born  Feb.  1,  1811,  near  Xashville,  Tenn.;  resided  in 
Williamson  Co.,  Tenn.   (county  of  her  birth)  ;  occupation:  a  farmer's 


8  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

daughter  and  a  farmer's  wife.  She  was  never  sick  a  day  until  she 
broke  her  leg  at  the  age  of  70.  ''Her  husband  never  had  a  doctor's 
bill  for  her,''  was  the  phrase.  C>ied  at  88  years,  of  senile  decay. 
Industrious,  spun,  wove,  knit  well  and  much,  especially  after  being 
crippled;  very  dictatp'rjal,  .great  scold,  severe,  pious. 

mother's  father. 

G.  ^1.  D.    Born ,  near  Newark,  Ohio;  resided  in  Licking  Co., 

Ohio, — La  Salle  Co.,  111., — Sumner  Co.,  Kan.  Occupation :  farmer. 
Died  at  age  of  79  of  creeping  paralysis  after  la  grippe.  Never  under- 
went any  operations,  but  had  a  severe  attack  of  typhoid  fever  in  youth. 
Proud,  anxious  to  be  very  wealthy,  aristocratic ;  poor  judgment  in 
investments ;  a  great  tease ;  very  partisan. 

mother's  mother. 

K.  G.     Born  ,  near  Newark,  Ohio;  resided  in  Licking  Co., 

Ohio, — La  Salle  Co.,  111., — Sumner  Co.,  Kan.  Occupation:  farmer's 
daughter  and  farmer's  wife.  Died  at  the  age  of  77  of  pneumonia. 
Had  erysipelas  and  her  first  attack  of  pneumonia  in  middle  age,  but 
never  underwent  any  operations.  Proud,  sensitive,  good  memory,  fond 
of  reading,  partisan,  good  cook,  affectionate,  good  nurse. 

father  (for  father's  fraternity  see  below). 

J.  A.  E.  B.  Oct.  IL  1835,  near  Nashville,  Tennessee.  Resided 
near  Nashville  and  in  various  towns  in  Colorado  and  Illinois ;  occupa- 
tion :  farm  boy,  ]\Iethodist  minister  at  53  years.  Died  at  age  of  73 
of  chronic  cystitis  and  prostatitis.  Suffered  in  youth  with  catarrh  of 
stomach  and  an  attack  of  typhoid  fever.  Good  speaker  and  student, 
good  interpretative  voice ;  sensitive,  sympathetic,  quick-tempered, 
heavy,  well-shaped,  vigorously  religious,  nervous,  disliked  manual 
labor. 

mother    (for  mother's   fraternity  see  below). 

:\I.  E.  D.  B.  Feb.  4,  1846,  near  Ottawa,  111.  Resided  near 
Ottawa,  in  various  Tenn.,  111.,  and  Colo,  towns.  Occupation :  farmer's 
daughter,  school  teacher,  minister's  wife.  Suffered  from  prolapsus 
uteri,  overcome  when  child-bearing  ceased.  Underwent  no  operations, 
but  in  youth  suffered  with  constipation  and  ills  resulting  therefrom ; 
not  robust,  but  not  often  sick.  Good  student,  teacher,  nurse  and 
seamstress ;  sensitive,  proud,  fond  of  music,  worries  a  good  deal, 
nervous. 


The  Familv-IIistokv   Book. 


CHILD   NO.    1 


M.  K.  E.  B.  ^rarch  19,  1879,  in  Central  City,  Colorado.  Resided 
in  towns  in  Colo..  111.,  Tenn.,  where  father  preached  longest.  Occu- 
pation :  School  teacher,  farmer's  wife.  Has  undergone  no  operations, 
but  in  youth  sufifered  with  sick  headache,  catarrhal  colds,  and  has 
had  a  severe  attack  of  typhoid  fever.  Fond  of  books,  music,  flowers, 
and  farm-work.  Likes  study ;  good  memory,  sensitive,  sometimes 
sulky,  lacks  self-confidence;  called  Puritanical. 

CHILD    NO.    2. 

C.  B.  E.  B.  Jan.  25,  1881,  in  Pueblo,  Colorado.  Has  resided  in 
various  towns  in  111.,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  the  longest  in  De  Kalb, 
111.  Occupation:  School  teacher,  now  critic  teacher  in  the  State 
Normal  School.  In  youth  sufifered  with  headaches,  hemorrhoids, 
hoarse  colds,  nervousness ;  has  had  a  nervous  breakdown,  and  was 
operated  on  for  hemorrhoids  and  for  growth  in  the  rectum.  Good  at 
all  study,  especially  arithmetic  and  history ;  successful  teacher,  good  in 
music,  and  wath  needle.  Lacks  poise;  has  good  taste  and  is  admired 
for  personality;  worries,  very  nervous,  dictatorial. 

CHILD    NO.    3. 

E.  C.  E.     B. in  De  Lehn,  Kankakee  Co.,  111.    Has  resided  in 

various  towns  in  111.,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Loveland,  Colo.  Occupation : 
School  teacher  and  farmer's  wife.  Sufifered  with  tonsilitis,  nightmare, 
female  trouble,  constipation,  pneumonia,  congestion  of  lungs,  measles, 
very  <ick  in  childbirth,  nervous  breakdown ;  no  operations.  Fond  of 
music,  good  housekeeper,  good  primary  teacher,  very  sensitive,  ner- 
vous, dictatorial,  sympathetic,  afifectionate,  not  strong. 

CHILD    NO.    4. 

G.  L.  E.  B.  Sept.  28,  1885,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  Resided  in  towns 
in  III.,  Tenn.,  and  Colo.  Too  frail  for  any  occupation.  Sufifered  with 
sick  headaches,  catarrh,  styes,  slipping  of  knee  cap,  deafness,  nervous 
breakdown ;  had  grave  attack  of  typhoid  fever.  Fond  of  books  and 
music  ;  great  tact  in  care  of  children,  sensitive,  nervous,  good-tempered, 
devout,  afifectionate,  sympathetic. 

mother's  fraternity. 

S.  L.  D..  mother's  brother,  b.  1840;  lives  in  Walkerville,  Montana. 
Short,  medium-brown  hair  and  gray  eyes,  imperfections  of  sight  only 


10 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  \o.  7. 


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12  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

due  to  age ;  fond  of  books,  affectionate,  industrious  but  slow,  proud. 

L.  D.  G.,  mother's  sister,  b.  1842  and  d.  1906  of  cancer.  Height 
above  medium,  dark-brown  hair  and  eyes ;  proud,  sensitive,  good 
cook,  fine  looking,  fond  of  reading. 

E.  B.  D.,  mother's  sister,  b.  1844  and  d.  1910  of  cancer.  Of 
medium  height,  dark-brown  hair  and  eyes ;  proud,  sensitive,  moody, 
good  cook,  fine  looking,  fond  of  reading. 

E.  B.  D.,  mother's  sister,  b.  in  Walkerville,  Montana.  Of  medium 
height,  yellow-brown  hair  and  light-blue  eyes,  overtired  by  work ; 
proud,  sensitive,  good  housekeeper,  slow,  visionary,  fond  of  reading. 

C.  D.  M.,  mother's  sister,  b.  1863  in  Walkerville,  ^lontana. 
Height  above  medium,  dark-brown  hair,  dark-brown  eyes,  wears 
glasses ;  proud,  sensitive,  fond  of  books  and  study,  teacher,  draws  and 
paints,  musical. 

L.  D.,  mother's  brother,  b.  1848  and  d.  1902  of  pneumonia.  Above 
medium  height,  dark-brown  hair  and  eyes,  wore  glasses  from  age ; 
proud,  sensitive,  fond  of  books  and  study,  lacked  judgment,  fine 
looking. 

F.  X.  D.,  mother's  brother,  b.  1854  in  Walkerville,  Montana. 
Short  with  dark-brown  hair  and  eyes,  wears  glasses  from  age.  Proud, 
sensitive,  accumulative,  fond  of  reading  and  likes  horses. 

C.  D.,  mother's  brother,  b.  1856  and  d.  1897  of  pneumonia.  Very 
tall,  yellow-brown  hair  and  light-blue  eyes ;  proud,  sensitive,  fond  of 
reading,  silver  miner,  as  were  all  the  other  brothers. 

E.  L.  D.,  mother's  brother,  b.  1865  in  Central  City,  Colo.  Very 
tall,  yellow-brown  hair  and  light-blue  eyes ;  proud,  sensitive,  fond  of 
reading,  good  manager  of  men,  affectionate. 

father's  fraternity. 

H.  C.  E.,  father's  brother,  b.  1829  and  d.  1907  of  enlargement  of 
liver.  Tall,  dark-brown  hair  and  light-blue  eyes ;  tyrannical,  not  over 
honest  in  family  money  affairs,  religious,  affectionate  to  his  own. 

D.  C.  E.,  father's  brother,  b.  1831  and  d.  1911  of  bladder  trouble. 
Of  medium  height,  dark-brown  hair  and  light-blue  eyes ;  honest,  kind, 
easy-going,  industrious,  severe  if  aroused. 

J.  A.  E.  P.,  father's  sister,  b.  1846  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  Tall,  black 
hair  and  dark-blue  eyes,  wears  glasses  all  the  time,  but  only  on  account 
of  age.  Industrious,  pious,  fine  nurse,  complains  a  great  deal,  good 
cook,  good  seamstress. 


The  Family- Hi  story   Book.  13 

M.  E.  S.,  father's  sister,  b.  1852  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  Of  medium 
heii^ht,  light-brown  hair  and  eyes,  wears  glasses  from  age ;  industrious 
skillful  needlewoman,  sharp  wit,  pious,  capable. 

■\L  C.  E.,  father's  sister,  b.  1854  and  d.  1899  of  tuberculosis. 
Of  medium  height,  dark-brown  hair  and  blue,  short-sighted  eyes; 
cross,  industrious,  sick  a  great  deal,  good  singer,  pious. 

E.  E.  A.,  father's  sister,  b. ,  and  d.  1904  of  tuberculosis.    Of 

medium  height,  dark-brown  hair  and  light-brown  eyes;  had  a  "cat 
eye."     Industrious,  fond  of  music,  pious  and  capable. 

]\I.  E.  R.,  father's  sister,  b.  ,  d.  1885  of  tuberculosis.     Tall, 

with  dark  brown  hair ;  industrious,  slow,  good  singer,  pious  and  lovable. 

^I.  E.,  father's  sister,  b.  1852  and  died  before  she  was  twenty  of 
tuberculosis.  Above  medium  height,  light-brown  hair,  industrious, 
slow,  subject  to  styes. 

B.  E.,  father's  sister,  b.  ,  and  d.  ,  of  tuberculosis. 


II.     GENEALOGICAL   RECORDS. 

The  purpose  of  many  genealogical  records  seems  to  be  purely 
legal ;  to  establish  relationships.  But  many  genealogists  have  a  higher 
aim — to  make  a  record  of  the  life  histories  of  the  members  of  a 
family.  A  genealogy  conceived  in  the  latter  fashion  can  be  of  great 
use  in  the  study  of  human  blood  lines,  provided  the  whole  truth  be 
told ;  provided  the  less  as  well  as  the  more  socially  desirable  traits  be 
recorded;  and  that  physical  traits  (including  causes  of  death)  be  given. 
The  old  idea  that  traits  are  private  and  personal  things  must  be  done 
away  with,  and  everyone  should  feel  willing  to  let  it  be  generally 
known  what  combination  of  traits  fell  to  his  lot.  In  that  combination 
there  is  ground  neither  for  vanity  nor  regret. 

One  great  defect  mars  nearly  all  genealogies :  the  defect  of  following 
the  male  line  only — the  trail  of  the  nauie.  However  useful  our  system 
of  following  the  patronymic  alone  may  be  in  law  and  social  intercourse, 
it  should  not  be  employed  in  the  genealogy  that  makes  any  pretense  of 
providing  material  for  the  study  of  hereditary  traits  in  the  past,  or  of 
predicting  the  traits  of  children.  The  mother's  blood  contributes  quite 
as  much  to  the  child  as  the  father's ;  in  fact,  some  traits  are  inherited 
by  sons  only  from  the  mother's  side  of  the  house.  To  be  sure,  this 
method  of  collecting  genealogical  data  would  greatly  complicate  the 
record.     It  would  be  necessary  to  start  with  a  fraternity,  describe  the 


14 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


traits  of  each  member  of  it,  pass  to  the  description  of  the  traits  of 
each  of  the  father's  and  the  mother's  fraternities  with  an  account  of 
their  consorts  and  offspring.  Next  take  up  the  fraternities  of  the  four 
grandparents,  their  consorts  and  their  children,  children's  consorts, 
and  children's  children.  Certain  lines  might  be  carried  out  further 
to  show  the  source  of  particular  traits  or  to  tie  together  parts  of  the 
network. 

We  give  two  sample  histories.  The  first  was  sent  us  by  a  literary 
man  who  shows  an  extraordinary  capacity  for  analyzing  his  family 
traits. 


DrO 


OrO 


D=K) 


D=rO 


tW)<50^^^    ^ 


^??S     ^^^^ 


<5^  . 


I   2   3       4   5      6     7   8   9    11  12         13   14  16   |  10   16  17  18   19  \_)    20  \j    21  22  23  24     26 


65^  ^^^^6^^^^ 


22    23     24     26 

Fig.  2. 
a.     THE  GENEALOGY  OF  THE  X.  FAMILY. 

cf ,  male  ;    9,  female. 

L  2  S  .  Dissipated,  died  of  some  venereal  disease  early  last 
century. 

L  S  $  .  Tall,  black  hair,  black  beard ;  went  to  South  America 
late  in  18th  century;  lived  there  many  years;  returned  to  England 
with  a  fortune ;  settled  down  as  a  bachelor.  Few  years  later,  a  native 
(Indian  or  Negro)  woman,  and  a  group  of  half-breed  children  arrived 
and  claimed  him  as  husband  and  father.  He  recognized  the  claim  and 
supported  them. 

II.  4  $  .  Slender,  light-brown  hair,  blue  eyes,  deeply  religious, 
patient,  strict  old-fashioned  Quaker,  suffered  many  years  with  scrofula 
in  the  form  of  a  running  sore  on  the  leg;  born  about  1820;  died 
about  1880.     Married: 


The  Famii.y-History   Book.  15 

II.  oS.  Tall,  brown  hair  and  eyes,  large  Roman  nose,  deeply 
religious  old-fashioned  Quaker,  humorous ;  poor  business  man ;  born 
about  1810;  died  about  1885. 

III.  1  &  2  $  .  Old  maids,  strict  Quakers,  tall,  dark,  slender, 
passion  for  flowers  and  gardening;  painted  beautifully,  intellectual, 
retiring. 

111.  45.  Tall,  dark,  handsome.  Roman  nose,  fair  complexion; 
manufacturer  of  patent  leather,  bankrupt,  passion  for  sport,  especially 
shooting  and  fishing,  painted  well.  His  son  and  twin  daughters 
(IV,  1,  2,  3)  inherit  almost  all  his  characteristics. 

III.  oS.  Very  tall,  about  6'  3",  inclined  to  stoop;  had  light- 
brown  hair  but  now  very  bald,  blue  eyes,  large  Roman  nose ;  clever 
chemist  and  mechanic ;  unusually  simple  in  knowledge  of  the  world ; 
nominally  a  Quaker  but  fond  of  getting  aw^ay  from  home  and  having 
a  good  time.  At  age  of  nearly  70  made  ardent  love  to  his  nephew's 
wife;  at  same  time  devoted  to  his  wife  and  family;  weak  character, 
easily  led ;  home  dominated  by  wife,  who  was  a  woman  of  a  great 
Quaker  family  of  manufacturers. 

III.  7  $  .  Very  tall,  about  6'  7'',  built  in  perfect  proportion, 
brown  hair,  hazel  eyes,  carried  himself  well,  dressed  very  well,  physi- 
cian with  large  practice,  specialist  in  oculism ;  wife  very  nervous  little 
(lark  woman,  died  early,  leaving  one  daughter  of  whom  I  know 
nothing  (IV,  6). 

111.  0  9  .  Tall,  slender,  graceful,  brown  hair,  hazel  eyes;  sweet, 
loving  disposition,  lost  her  mind  after  her  husband  was  fired  upon  by 
Land  Leaguers  in  Ireland ;  was  confined  in  private  asylum  for  a  while ; 
more  recently  at  home,  mildly  insane.  Her  husband  (III,  10)  a  short, 
red-haired,  blue-eyed  irascible  Irishman,  full  of  fun,  eminent  physician, 
stern  father  intolerant  to  vices  of  his  son  (IV,  9).  The  latter,  a 
medical  student  in  Dublin,  formed  the  opium  habit ;  father  cast  him 
out ;  mother  visited  him  in  secret  in  her  lucid  intervals,  and  supplied 
him  with  money  and  food.  He  committed  suicide.  IV,  8,  the  latter's 
brother,  a  replica  of  his  father  in  appearance,  built  up  fine  practice 
as  surgeon. 

III.  119.  Born  about  1845  ;  tall,  brown  hair,  hazel  eyes,  straight 
nose,  sweet  temper,  loving  wife  and  mother,  but  just  in  her  reproofs 
and  punishments.  Died  1875  of  diphtheria  when  about  30  and  enceinte. 
Painted  beautifully,  especially  flowers.  Spent  much  time  in  quiet 
charity.     Strict  Quaker. 


16  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

11.  6  S  .  Born  about  1801 ;  short,  light-brown  hair,  blue  eyes, 
rosy  complexion,  Roman  nose,  very  active,  successful  self-made  man, 
business  man,  magistrate,  mayor  of  large  town  in  North  of  England, 
was  called  ''the  Grand  Old  Man  of  the  North";  stern  in  justice,  almost 
a  crank  on  neatness  of  attire,  cleanliness  of  house  and  person ;  at  86 
recovered  from  fracture  of  arm ;  absolute  master  in  his  home  and 
office ;  Quaker,  but  not  of  the  strictest  type,  especially  in  old  age  which 
seemed  to  modify  his  earlier  rigidity.  Had  a  habit  of  swinging  his 
stick  round  and  round  as  he  walked.  Advised  his  grandchildren  never 
to  worry;  said  he  had  never  worried  in  his  life,  but  his  sons  say 
trifles  worried  him,  while  he  took  serious  matters  very  philosophically. 
Had  a  brother  who  lived  to  be  101.     Married  twice: 

II.  5  $  .  Famous  blonde  beauty.  Died  young.  Only  description 
I  have  of  her  is  from  miniature  painted  about  1820,  which  shows  her 
to  have  reddish-gold  hair,  blue  eyes,  oval  face,  delicate  pink  and  white 
complexion.  Her  picture  was  published  in  a  collection  of  the  famous 
beauties  of  England  about  1820.  Daughter  of  a  prosperous  North  of 
England  merchant. 

II.  7  2.  (II,  6's  second  wife)  stout,  medium  height,  dark-brown 
eyes,  almost  black  hair,  precise,  refined,  aristocratic  in  bearing.  Her 
brother  (II,  8)  was  a  domineering  English  squire,  proud,  hot-tempered, 
fond  of  good  wine  but  not  a  drunkard,  fond  of  horses,  dogs  and  the 
society  of  sporty  gentlemen.  His  daughter  (III,  19)  was  a  slender, 
brown-eyed,  dark-haired,  irascible  woman  with  hair  upon  her  face ; 
impulsive,  passionately  fond  of  her  children  but  accustomed  to  thrash 
them  unmercifully  with  a  cane  for  trifling  offenses.  She  inherited 
her  father's  fondness  for  horses. 

III.  14  $  .  ]\Iedium  height,  black  hair,  brown  eyes,  bald,  Roman 
nose ;  poor  business  man,  ambitious,  active  in  politics,  a  magistrate  and 
mayor  of  North  of  England  city;  fond  of  horses,  inclined  to  display; 
lived  well  up  to  his  income.  Died  suddenly  at  about  50  of  apoplexy. 
Of  his  children : 

IV.  21  2  .  (Born  1863)  is  an  unmarried  woman  medium  height, 
slender,  dark  hair,  brown  eyes,  suggestion  of  moustache,  refined  and 
affectionate,  devotes  her  life  to  the  reclamation  of  fallen  women. 

IV.  23  $  .  (Born  1864)  died  at  about  20 ;  was  dark  blue  all  over 
from  an  imperfect  formation  of  valves  of  heart. 

IV.  22^.  (Born  1865)  tall,  powerfully  built,  exceptionally 
hairy,  brown  eyes,  hair  and  beard.  Very  strong;  went  to  sea  when  14, 
became  a  sea  captain.    Nearly  died  of  yellow  fever  when  about  26  :  had 


The   1"\\mii.v-1  Iistouv    Book.  17 

severe  operation  for  mastoiditis  and  l)arely  recovered,  when  between 
35  and  10.  ]\larried  the  matron  of  one  of  the  largest  hospitals  in 
London,  selecting  her  largely  because  of  her  unconventionality.  Was 
very  jealous  of  her.  Became  morose,  moody,  despondent;  took  to 
drink;  died  suddenly  at  sea  when  about  40.  Left  no  children.  Had 
been  promiscuous  in  his  amours  before  marriage. 

IV.  2\  9  .  (Born  18GG)  is  unmarried,  small,  slender,  perfectly 
formed,  oval  face,  large  brown  eyes,  straight  narrow  Grecian  nose, 
full  lower  lip,  heavy  growth  of  hair  upon  cheeks,  chin  and  upper  lip, 
long  slender  hands ;  fond  of  music  and  dancing,  romantic,  deeply 
learned  in  history,  romance  and  poetry  of  many  nations ;  principal  of 
one  of  the  most  fashionable  girls'  schools  in  England.  Rides  horses 
splendidly ;  has  suffered  severely  from  spinal  neuralgia ;  afraid  of 
nothing ;  has  seen  a  ghost  several  times ;  it  is  that  of  a  woman  who 
formerly  lived  as  a  king's  mistress  in  the  mansion  she  now  occu- 
pies ;  she  has  tried  many  times  to  get  this  ghost  into  conversation, 
but  in  vain.  At  the  moment  of  her  father's  death,  though  500  miles 
away  and  he  had  not  been  ill,  she  heard  him  call  her  as  if  he  was  at 
the  door  of  her  room.  She  took  the  next  train  for  the  city  in  which 
he  was,  and  arrived  to  find  he  had  fallen  dead  at  the  very  moment  she 
had  heard  him  call.  Is  idolized  by  the  young  ladies  who  attend  her 
school. 

IV.  20  (J  .  (Born  18G8)  medium  height,  golden  curly  hair,  fair 
complexion,  blue  eyes ;  bad  judgment  in  business  and  inclined  to  sharp 
practice,  so  much  so  that  relatives  wnll  not  trust  him.  Changeable, 
fickle,  ever  optimistic,  fond  of  hunting  and  riding ;  no  idea  of  living 
within  his  income.  ^Tarried  and  has  several  young  children  to  whom 
he  is  devoted. 

IV.  U)^.  (Born  18G9)  short,  sturdy  build,  brown  hair  and 
eyes;  very  matter-of-fact  but  utterly  unconventional  and  has  a  vein 
of  the  romantic  and  mystical.  Went  to  sea  as  a  boy;  was  a  rancher 
in  Australia,  a  surveyor  in  South  Africa,  organized  the  first  fire  depart- 
ment in  Johannesburg;  fought  in  a  cavalry  regiment  throughout  the 
Boer  war;  almost  died  of  dysentery;  returned  to  Johannes])urg  after 
war,  and  reorganized  fire  department.  Married  ignorant  farmer's 
daughter  of  whom  he  is  very  fond  ;  has  several  children.  Cares  nothing 
for  refinements  or  conventionalities.  Wonderful  story-teller,  great 
imagination,  universally  beloved. 

By  his  second  wife,  III,  11  had  three  children.  Mother  (III,  13) 
a  nervous  woman,  full  of  humor,  refined"and  elegant;  grey  eyes,  brown 


18 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


hair,  oval  face,  prominent  front  teeth.  Of  their  children,  IV,  18  is  a 
brilhant  public  accountant,  short,  grey  eyes,  brown  hair,  bald  at  35, 
cares  little  for  women's  society  and  still  unmarried  at  40.  Keenly 
analytical  mind ;  calm  judgment ;  afraid  of  nothing. 

II.  C)S.  By  second  wife  had  three  children.  111,20^  (born 
about  1857)  short,  brown-haired,  grey-eyed,  wild  as  young  man;  eloped 
with  a  barmaid ;  was  clever  surgeon  and  had  high  reputation  as 
gynecologist.  Lost  practice  through  drink.  Later  did  clever  work  in 
Egypt  exploration  under  Flinders  Petrie ;  wrote  on  anthropology.  Had 
no  strength  of  character;  ignored  his  wife's  flirtations.  She  very 
beautiful,  tall,  large  bust  and  hips,  too  slender  waist,  free  and  easy 
in  her  manners ;  deserted  him  and  became  a  harlot  in  South  Africa. 
Their  daughter  (IV,  25)  was  married  to  a  rich  man  but  eloped  soon 
afterwards  with  an  artist,  whom  she  left  and  returned  to  her  husband. 

III.  17  &  18.  Are  old  maids,  about  55  and  GO  in  age.  Spend 
their  time  travelling  about  Europe.  Can  never  make  up  their  minds 
to  do  anything;  fickle,  changeable,  need  someone  to  "boss"  them. 
Elder  has  had  many  flirtations,  and  could  have  married  one  of  richest 
men  in  England,  but  was  infatuated  with  his  younger  brother,  a  tall 
handsome  sporty  fellow  who  cared  nothing  for  her.  Both  are  intel- 
lectual, romantic,  refined — almost  to  excess.  Tall,  dark-haired,  grey- 
eyed,  fair-skinned,  oval  faces,  straight  noses. 

III.  15  9  .  See  also  Fig.  3,  Gen.  B.  (Born  about  1835)  I  know 
nothing  about  her  personally,  as  she  died  at  the  age  of  about  35,  after 
bearing  six  children.  Her  husband,  B  1  one  of  the  most  successful 
manufacturers  in  England,  a  tall,  active,  heavily  bearded  man,  born 
1826,  is  still  alive.  IMan  of  great  wealth,  little  taste  but  no  pretentions 
to  more  than  he  has  and  glad  to  take  advice  of  friends  in  whose  judg- 
ment he  relies.  Married  three  times ;  children  bv  all  wives.  I  know 
nothing  of  children  by  second  and  third  wives. 


□=rO 


111 

16 


^o     "^ 


^Df^      \d      t      ^3     ^O^^^^ 


<?0^^  OOOOO    6  5^65i  ^0<><^<> 


1  2        3        4        5 

Fig.  3. 


The  Family- Hi  story  Book.  19 

B  2  $  .  Harmlessly  insane  old  bachelor.  Has  to  have  a  com- 
panion ;  generally  goes  about  freely  but  never  alone. 

B  4  (J  .  (Born  about  1825)  highly  successful  manufacturer;  great 
philanthropist ;  medium  height,  heavy  brown  beard,  hazel  eyes,  florid 
complexion ;  made  a  baronet,  high  principles  in  business ;  built  and 
supports  an  insane  asylum ;  contributes  to  many  charities,  spends 
much  time  in  managing  them;  active  in  politics.  Wife  (B  5)  a  short, 
active,  intelligent  brown-eyed  woman,  who  helps  him  materially  in  his 
charitable  work.  Their  son  C  11  clever  politician,  but  unprincipled; 
seduced  the  servants  in  his  own  house  and  in  those  of  his  friends ; 
wife  got  a  divorce.     Has  several  children,  but  they  are  still  young. 

C  1  (J  .  (Born  1855)  medium  height,  grey  eyes,  slender,  light- 
brown  hair,  elegant  dresser ;  artist  of  fair  ability,  bachelor. 

C  4  ^  .  (Born  1859)  medium  height,  grey  eyes,  sandy  curly  hair; 
dandy  in  dress ;  clever  business  man,  now  at  head  of  one  of  biggest 
manufacturing  businesses  in  England.  Happily  married  and  has 
several  young  children. 

C  3  9.  (Born  1854)  tall,  graceful  blonde,  grey  eyes;  happily 
married  and  has  several  children. 

C  6  9.  (Born  1860)  insane  from  birth;  had  impediment  in 
speech ;  died  at  about  40  in  an  asylum. 

C  7  S  .  (Born  1864)  thin,  medium  height,  cold  grey  eyes;  nar- 
row, thin  nose ;  quiet  but  full  of  sarcastic  humor.  Careless  in  dress  to 
the  point  of  eccentricity.  Though  very  rich,  goes  about  in  frayed 
garments.  Wife  (C  8)  had  to  look  after  him  like  a  nurse.  He  was 
always  considered  ''queer,"  but  is  a  fairly  successful  business  man  of 
the  shrewd  sort.  Divorced  his  wife  for  adultery  on  her  part.  They 
have  one  daughter. 

C  9  <J  .  (Born  1866)  about  5'  10''  high;  inclined  to  stoutness; 
blue  eyes,  sandy  hair  ;  slight  impediment  in  speech  ;  seduced  working 
girl  when  about  20,  married  her,  came  to  America,  with  practically 
nothing;  made  great  success  as  public  accountant,  acquiring  a  very 
large  income  unaided  by  his  millionaire  father.  Pillar  of  the  Episcopal 
Church;  president  of  young  men's  club.  Wife,  C  10,  born  about  1868 
about  5'  9" ;  stout,  rosy  cheeks,  light-brown  hair,  grey  eyes,  full  lips. 
Though  uneducated,  has  adapted  herself  to  her  husband's  position, 
and  takes  leading  part  in  society  of  a  great  city.  Their  children  are 
all  under  20.  D  2,  born  1892,  is  the  image  of  her  mother, quiet, refined, 
musical.  D  3  &  5,  born  1894  and  1896,  the  images  of  their  father. 
D  6,  born  1898,  insane  from  birth;  in  a  private  insane  asylum. 


20  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  Xo.  7. 

III.  12  $  .  (Fig.  1)  born  1846 ;  about  5'  o''  tall ;  slight  but  wiry ; 
red  hair,  became  bald  when  about  25;  hazel  eyes  inclining  to  green; 
active  to  the  point  of  nervousness.  Has  had  palpitation  of  the  heart. 
Passion  for  Alpine  climbing  and  gardening.  Fine  business  man ;  his 
word  as  good  as  his  bond  and  worries  much  over  trifles.  Good  artist ;  no 
ear  for  music  ;  eloquent  orator  ;  deep  student  of  literature  ;  keenly  critical 
taste  in  art.  Has  traveled  all  over  the  world ;  cares  nothing  for  city 
life ;  loves  long  walks  where  wide  views  can  be  had,  but  hates  walking 
for  any  distances  through  woods.  Never  idle  for  an  instant,  and  the 
sight  of  anyone  else  idling  irritates  him.  Hot-tempered,  but  rigidly 
just.  Affectionate,  but  inclined  to  repress  all  manifestations  of  affec- 
tion. Charitable,  but  does  all  such  work  in  secret ;  inclined  to  be  close 
at  driving  a  bargain,  and  loathes  anything  savoring  of  extravagance ; 
generous  father  and  devoted  husband.  Twice  married.  Of  his  children : 

IV.  15  ^  .  Born  1865 ;  5'  lOy^'  high ;  slight,  hazel  eyes  inclining 
to  green,  fair  complexion,  brown  hair,  yellow  moustache,  reddish 
beard,  hairy ;  failed  at  everything  he  undertook  until  he  by  chance 
drifted  into  journalism.  At  this  he  made  fair  but  not  brilliant  success. 
Myopic.  Deeply  interested  in  art,  literature,  science;  brought  up  a 
Quaker,  but  became  a  Roman  Catholic  at  age  of  22.  Impressionable, 
poor  business  man ;  inclined  to  extravagance.  Susceptible  to  women, 
but  devoted  to  wife  and  family.  Intolerant  of  anything  suggesting 
untidiness  or  slovenliness ;  irritated  and  depressed  by  trifles,  but  soon 
recovers  as  he  is  highly,  even  recklessly,  optimistic.  In  youth  was 
considered  the  image  of  his  mother  (III,  11),  but  is  now,  in  face,  the 
image  of  his  father  (III,  12)  though  much  taller.  Easily  led;  great 
gourmet  but  small  eater.  Conscientious,  but  inclined  to  be  conceited. 
(See  Fig.  4  for  his  descendants.) 

IV.  14$.  (Born  1866)  5'  9'';  the  image  of  her  mother.  (Ill, 
11)  ;  wavy  brown  hair,  hazel  eyes,  musical,  artistic,  fond  of  admiration, 
mean  in  financial  affairs ;  married  a  man  she  did  not  love ;  has  had 
many  flirtations  since — two  at  least  of  which  almost  resulted  in  separa- 
tion from  her  husband.  Has  no  children,  owing  to  some  internal 
obstruction  which  an  operation  failed  to  remove. 

IV.  13^.  (Born  1868)  5'  9";  sallow,  thin,  brown  hair,  hazel 
eyes.  Martyr  to  liver.  Gourmet,  artistic  and  musical ;  deep  student 
of  literature;  spends  all  spare  money  on  books.  Generous  and  liberal, 
sceptical  and  cynical  in  matters  of  religion.  Expert  tea-taster,  but 
has  little  interest  in  business.     Bachelor. 


The  P'amii.v-Histokv   Book.  21 

lY.  12  S  .  (Born  1873)  5'  5";  stockily  built;  dark-brown  hair; 
hazel  c\es,  large  Roman  nose.  Unsuccessful  in  all  business  under- 
takings ;  fine  artist  in  a  mechanical  line.  Careless  about  personal 
appearance ;  perfectly  contented  with  love  in  a  cottage.  Married  a 
girl  in  humble  but  respectable  position  ;  has  one  baby. 

1\'.  119.  (Born  1874)  tall,  reddish-brown  hair;  hazel  eyes, 
straight  nose,  careless  about  dress,  easy-going,  deeply  religious ;  mar- 
ried an  Asiatic  missionary.  Oriental  life  has  suited  her  lazy,  sweet 
disposition.  Had  some  uterine  trouble  as  her  older  sister  had,  but  a 
slight  operation  overcame  it.  Has  one  son,  10  years  old ;  typical 
Oriental  type.  Has  had  two  or  three  miscarriages  recently;  has  a 
baby  girl  born  alive. 

HI.  12  ^  .  ^larried  a  second  time  a  widow  with  three  children, 
all  of  whom  died  of  tuberculosis,  as  their  father  had  done.  By  her, 
he  has  one  daughter  (IV,  10)  (placed  in  diagram  between  15  &  16) 
who  is  tall,  with  reddish  hair,  blue  eyes,  straight  nose,  pink  and  white 
complexion.  She  is  fickle,  but  stubborn  in  love  affairs ;  has  many 
sweethearts,  each  of  wdiom  for  the  time  was  the  "only  man  in  the 
world.''  Romantic,  impressionable,  good  musician,  fine  singer.  Her 
mother  was  tall,  dark,  brown  eyes,  clear  complexion,  musical,  good 
singer.     Ever  since  daughter's  birth,   has  been  neurasthenic  invalid. 

l\\     10  9  .     Has  been  married  five  years,  but  has  no  children. 

F  3  ^  .  Scotchman,  born  about  1820,  (mother  English)  6  feet 
tall,  blue  eyes,  light-brown  hair,  which  he  kept  to  the  day  of  his  death 
at  about  82.  Florid  complexion;  bigoted  Presbyterian;  scrupulously 
honest  and  unselfish,  even  quixotically  so.  Poor  business  man.  Failed 
in  business  early  in  life,  did  better  working  in  positions  of  trust  for 
others.  Uncompromising  in  his  loves  and  hates.  Strict  but  affectionate 
father.  Hated  all  sham  and  everything  that  tended  toward  display  or 
fast  living.  His  brother,  (F  2),  I  know  nothing  of,  but  the  latter's 
son.  now  about  70  years  old,  is  a  distinguished  judge,  a  lecturer  on 
law  in  a  great  university;  a  man  about  6  feet  tall,  large  blue  eyes, 
florid  complexion,  brown  hair;  has  an  afiiection  of  the  eyes  that  exposes 
the  inside  of  the  lids.  Women  say  that  when  he  is  talking  to  one,  he 
gives  her  the  impression  that  she  is  the  only  woman  he  ever  loved. 
Have  been  several  scandals  about  his  relationship  with  women,  but  his 
wife  has  always  shown  her  faith  in,  or  loyalty  to,  him  by  making 
friends  of  the  women  about  whom  there  was  gossip.  His  four  sons 
are  distinguished  in  their  professions,  two  as  lawyers,  two  as  engineers. 
The  four  sons  are  married  and  have  young  children. 


22 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


P^ 


Tiiic  Ka.milv-Histoky  Book.  23 

F  4  9  .  Born  1829 ;  died  1910  of  diabetes ;  5'  10"  tall,  hazel  eyes, 
long  pointed  nose,  firm  mouth,  oval  face,  fine  figure,  soft  white  skin. 
Brought  up  a  Roman  Catholic,  but  after  marriage  became  Scotch 
Presbyterian  of  most  bigoted  type.  Fine  business  woman.  Proud  as 
Satan.  After  her  husband's  failure,  she  managed  to  bring  up  her 
large  family  in  a  small  country  town  surrounded  by  Indians,  and 
miners,  like  ladies  and  gentlemen,  preventing  them  from  associating 
with  other  children.  On  moving  to  large  city,  took  her  place  at  once 
in  its  most  exclusive  society.  Contrived  to  save  about  $10,000  out 
of  her  husband's  slender  salary,  which  she  invested  little  by  little  in 
gilt  edged  stock.  Fought  for  her  rights  in  the  courts  even  when  this 
involved  breaks  with  old  friends.  Hospitable  to  a  fault ;  house  always 
full  of  indigent  friends,  always  open  to  relatives  at  all  hours.  Could 
not  see  a  joke,  but  made  some  of  the  cleverest  jokes  herself.  Her 
father,  E  2,  colonel  in  British  army,  married  an  Englishwoman.  Her 
brother : 

F  6  $  .  One  of  the  most  famous  surgeons  on  this  continent. 
Born  about  1830;  died  about  1906  of  acute  gastritis.  About  6  feet  tall; 
long  pointed  nose ;  grey  eyes ;  mouth  a  straight  line ;  proud,  full  of 
humor ;  an  aristrocrat  to  the  marrow ;  the  idol  of  the  poor  in  his  city ; 
had  a  vast  practice ;  lectured  on  surgery  in  several  great  universities ; 
spoke  several  languages ;  travelled  extensively ;  was  at  various  times 
elected  to  high  office  in  city  and  country ;  knighted  by  Queen  Victoria, 
and  by  Pope  Leo  XHI.  Married  late  in  life.  Brought  up  a  Presby- 
terian, he  became  a  Roman  Catholic ;  gave  liberally  to  Catholic  chari- 
ties;  was  lavishly  generous  but  with  poor  judgment;  would  slip  a  $10 
gold  piece  into  the  hand  of  a  G-year-old  nephew  whose  parents  were 
well  off,  but  forgot  entirely  nephews  and  nieces  whose  parents  were 
obliged  to  struggle  to  keep  things  going.  Careless  about  business 
matters,  and  thoughtless  in  his  management  of  the  estates  of  poorer 
relatives.  In  important  lawsuit  entrusted  his  case  to  young  lawyer 
just  graduated,  simply  because  youth  needed  the  money ;  lost  the  case 
through  lawyer's  bungling,  but  did  not  care.  Of  his  children,  G  18  ^ 
is  a  Jesuit  priest,  tall,  thin,  pointed  nose,  thin  lips,  weak-looking  eyes, 
eloquent,  deep  student.  G  16  ^  is  about  30  years  old,  tall,  blue  eyes, 
blonde,  pointed  nose,  thin  lips,  a  rising  surgeon.  Married  and  has 
two  blue-eyed  blonde  babies.     Other  children  young  or  dead. 

F  7  (J  .  Short,  dark-grey  eyes,  long  pointed  nose ;  married  an 
intensely  religious  shrew;  liked  to  escape  and  have  a  quiet  good  time 
with  the  boys.    Had  an  only  son,  tall  round  face,  short  thick  nose,  blue 


24  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

eyes,  thin  lips.  This  young  man  (G  21)  is  musical,  fond  of  companions 
beneath  his  station  in  life,  simple  in  tastes,  commonplace  in  every  way. 
Married  a  woman  who  went  to  the  bad;  remarried  a  working  woman 
who  died.     Has  no  children  by  either. 

F  9  9  .  Short,  stout,  light-brown  hair,  many  oddly-shaped  moles 
on  back  covered  with  fine  hair ;  blue  eyes ;  a  crank  on  auction  sales ; 
bought  every  useless  thing  that  seemed  cheap.  Frittered  away  a 
fortune.  Lavish  entertainer ;  impulsively  generous  and  did  not  hesitate 
to  impose  upon  friends  in  like  manner.  Know  nothing  of  her  husband. 
Of  their  children,  G  25  5  ,  born  about  1852,  unmarried,  very  religious, 
childishly  simple  in  tastes,  loves  theaters  and  good  eating;  keen  sense 
of  humor,  but  cannot  make  a  joke  or  tell  a  story.  G  24  9  ,  born  about 
1857,  unmarried,  fond  of  gayety,  frivolity  and  flirting.  Has  grey  eyes, 
exceptionally  large  bust,  thick  curly  hair.  G  23$,  born  about  1858, 
is  married  to  very  rich  man  ;  leader  of  society  in  large  city ;  lavish 
entertainer;  myopic,  has  gone  blind  in  one  eye,  and  other  is  almost 
blind ;  about  50  years  old ;  short,  slender ;  light-brown  hair ;  hazel  eyes. 
All  those  three  have  long  bodies  and  very  short  lip.  G  22  ,J  has  had 
three  children ;  boy  died  of  typhoid  fever,  two  girls  are  musical  and 
intellectual;  care  nothing  for  society,  but  only  for  art  and  literature 
and  music. 

G  49.  Born  about  1855;  tall,  reddish  blonde  hair;  blue  eyes; 
complexion  like  apple  blossom ;  graceful  figure ;  died  of  tuberculosis 
at  age  of  about  30.  Her  husband,  G  3,  short,  volatile  Frenchman, 
proud,  lazy,  alcoholic,  too  proud  to  work,  neglected  his  family  after 
wife's  death,  and  allowed  his  children  to  be  brought  up  by  their 
maternal  grandmother.  Of  these,  H  7  ^  ,  born  about  1878,  medium 
height,  curly  red  hair,  blue  eyes,  industrious,  temperate,  easily  led  by 
those  he  loves ;  has  made  success  in  business,  though  starting  with 
nothing.  Married  H  6  $  ,  his  first  cousin.  She  is  a  tall,  vivacious 
brunette,  dark-brown  eyes,  rosy  cheeks,  fine  figure ;  she  is  the  "boss." 
They  have  one  child,  a  boy  about  G  years  old,  delicate,  golden  hair, 
blue  eyes.  H  8  (J  ,  born  about  187G,  ran  away;  he  had  no  home,  and 
after  cruising  around  many  places,  married  a  German  servant.  They 
have  some  children.  He  is  a  tall,  red-haired,  blue-eyed  man  who  cares 
nothing  but  for  home  and  simple  comfort.  H  9  ^  ,  born  about  1877, 
stocky,  dark  red  hair,  hazel  eyes ;  generous,  self-sacrificing ;  hard 
worker ;  eloped  with  another  man's  wife,  old  enough  to  be  his  mother, 
she  deserting  several  children.  They  have  several  children.  H  10  9  , 
born   about   1879,    medium   height,    red   hair,   bright   light-blue    eyes, 


The  Famii.v-1  IisTORV    Book.  25 

yellow  lashes,  freckled  face,  slender  graceful  figure,  has  a  faculty  of 
making  herself  useful  to  others ;  adaptable,  self-sacrificing,  foolish 
about  money  matters,  inclined  to  be  impulsively  extravagant,  has  earned 
her  own  living,  is  about  (Jan.  li)l'3)  to  marry  a  man  two  years  her 
junior,  an  only  son  of  very  rich  and  aristocratic  parents. 

H  11^.  Born  about  1880,  medium  height,  red  hair,  freckled, 
grey  eyes.  Has  wanderlust ;  ran  away  from  school  often  as  child, 
robbed  his  aunt,  when  13;  fired  from  a  school  for  stealing  a  watch; 
an  inveterate  liar,  but  a  genial,  pleasant,  loveable  companion. 

0  5$.  Born  about  1852  ;  medium  height,  very  stout,  dark-brown 
hair,  lirown  eyes,  long  pointed  nose,  easy  going,  full  of  fun,  a  fine 
cook  and  a  good  housekeeper.  Her  husband  a  conceited  boaster, 
but  a  clever  engineer,  was  for  long  a  drunkard,  but  at  the  age  of  about 
C)0,  he  gave  up  liquor  absolutely.  She  has  always  been  kind,  long- 
suffering  and  gentle  with  him,  and  never  has  hinted  to  anyone  that 
he  was  not  the  best  husband  in  the  world.  Their  children  are  all  the 
images  of  their  father,  but  have  most  of  their  mother's  characteristics. 
H  13,  married  to  a  clergyman  who  was  basely  untrue  to  her,  w-as 
loyal  to  him  and  eft'ected  his  reform. 

G  T  6  .  \^ery  tall,  dark  brown  hair  and  beard ;  long  pointed  nose ; 
died  of  tuberculosis  at  about  30,  complicated  with  some  venereal 
disease. 

G  8  ^  .  \'ery  tall,  brown  hair,  brown  eyes,  musical,  full  of  humor, 
great  story  teller,  fond  of  yachting,  swimming  and  all  sports.  Died  of 
tuberculosis  and  rheumatism  at  about  30. 

G  ■*  9  .  Born  about  1850;  short,  square-jawed,  grey  eyes,  long 
pointed  nose,  large  mouth,  one  leg  shorter  than  the  other;  never 
married.  One  of  the  most  self-sacrificing  women  in  the  world;  spends 
all  her  life  trying  to  find  things  to  do  for  others  and  doing  them. 

(j  119.  Born  about  1852;  short,  slender,  brown  eyes,  large 
mouth,  big  teeth,  one  white  lock  in  brown  hair,  tender  hearted,  senti- 
mental, hot-tempered,  cries  wdienever  she  says  goodbye  even  for  a  day. 
Has  had  several  love  affairs,  but  never  married.  Full  of  fun ;  passion- 
ately fond  of  her  nephews  and  nieces  whom  she  spoils  terribly.  Timid 
to  a  ridiculous  degree. 

G  12  9  .  (Born  abt.  1860)  5'  10''  tall;  perfect  figure,  soft  white 
skin,  hazel  eyes,  dark  brown  hair;  long  pointed  nose;  small  mouth, 
narrow  jaws,  oval  face,  small  chalky  teeth;  suft'ered  from  rheumatism 
as  a  girl ;  had  severe  attack  of  typhoid  fever  at  age  of  48 ;  suft'ered 
severely  from  malaria  when  30 — 35.     Affectionate,  devoted  to  family; 


26  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

demonstrative  in  love  for  her  children  when  babies,  but  gradually  less 
so  as  they  grow  older ;  finds  it  difficult  to  make  any  demonstrations  of 
affection  for  husband  or  grown  up  sons ;  but  would  sacrifice  her  health 
and  her  life  for  them.  Hard  worker  but  utterly  without  any  idea  of 
system.  No  sense  of  locality  or  direction.  Bad  memory  for  names. 
Fond  of  music,  cares  nothing  for  literature  or  art ;  more  conscientious 
than  religious,  though  inclined  to  bigotry;  intolerant  and  uncharitable 
in  her  judgments  of  others;  inclined  to  worry.  Proud  of  family; 
would  lie  or  kill  to  protect  any  of  them ;  utterly  lacking  in  curiosity ; 
married  at  30  and  had  not  the  faintest  idea  of  what  marriage  meant 
or  whence  babies  came.  Of  her  and  (IV,  15's)  children,  H  20  ^  ,  born 
1891,  is  6'  2''  tall,  hazel  eyes,  brown  hair,  sallow  complexion,  nervous, 
optimistic,  abnormally  narrow  upper  jaw  but  large  teeth,  had  to  have 
upper  jaw  stretched;  has  suffered  much  from  inflammatory  rheumatism 
and  tonsilitis ;  adenoids  removed  wdien  about  15.  Had  scarlet  fever 
and  measles  when  a  small  child.  Had  malaria  when  2  years  old. 
Physically  powerful,  muscular,  but  inclined  to  stoop.  Passion  for 
mechanics  and  electricity ;  studied  the  theory  of  these  as  a  boy ; 
thoroughly  mastered  them  before  he  was  18.  Would  not  study  at 
school,  failed  in  high  school ;  but  is  making  a  fine  success  in  the  employ 
of  a  great  electrical  manufacturing  concern.  Got  into  serious  trouble 
when  15  by  trying  to  seduce  girl  of  13  ;  since  then  has  cared  little  for 
girls'  society,  acting  as  if  afraid  of  them.  Hates  "society,"  but  has  a 
few  warm  friends,  generally  in  a  station  of  life  rather  beneath  him. 
Careless  about  personal  appearance,  fidgety,  contracts  little  habits  of 
fidgeting  with  trifles ;  on  the  go  all  the  time.  Affectionate,  thoughtful, 
unselfish,  and  considerate  of  others,  but  fickle  in  his  friendships,  rush- 
ing them  at  first,  then  suddenly  forgetting  them.  On  his  holidays, 
prefers  a  farmhouse  to  a  fashionable  resort.  Keen  sense  of  humor; 
tells  a  story  well  until  he  comes  to  the  point,  when  he  laughs  so  hard 
that  he  cannot  finish  it  intelligently,  or  has  to  repeat  it  when  his  laugh 
is  over. 

H  21  5  .  Born  1893;  6'  tall,  thin  but  broadchested  and  muscular; 
fearless,  strong  constitution.  As  a  child  of  2  to  4,  enjoyed  nothing 
better  than  getting  into  a  cold  bath  with  the  thermometer  at  zero,  and 
the  window  wide  open ;  did  it  with  impunity.  Dived  off  into  ten  feet 
of  water,  trusting  to  someone  to  catch  him  when  a  child  of  2.  Learned 
to  swim  when  very  young,  and  to-day,  will  swim  for  hours  as  far  out 
at  sea  as  he  can  get.  At  six  learned  to  box  and  would  put  on  the 
gloves  with  his  father  and  take  all  the  punishment  the  latter  could  give, 


The  Famiia'-Mistoky  Book.  27 

without  losing  his  temper.  Good  football  player.  As  a  boy  cared  for 
nothing'  but  sport.  Always  careful  about  associates ;  would  never  make 
friends  with  people  beneath  him.  At  18,  knows  all  the  nicest  girls  in 
the  city  in  which  he  lives,  and  is  a  prime  favorite  with  them.  Straight 
nose,  brown  eyes,  brown  hair,  the  face  of  a  Greek  god ;  large  strong 
teeth,  but  inclined  to  be  chalky;  very  hairy  legs  and  body;  at  18  had 
to  shave  regularly.  Hard  to  move,  stubborn,  determined  to  have  his 
own  way,  very  thoughtless  of  others ;  a  dandy  in  dress.  Persistent 
and  patient  in  attaining  his  end  in  spite  of  all  obstacles.  Diligent 
worker  when  once  started,  and  whatever  he  does,  he  does  thoroughly. 
Wears  scarcely  any  underclothing  in  coldest  weather,  and  sleeps  with 
little  over  him.    Has  never  had  any  disease  except  measles  when  a  baby. 

H  22^.  Born  1896;  5'  9''  tall;  well  built;  brown  hair,  large 
strong  teeth,  yellowish  hazel  eyes,  Roman  nose,  plump  rosy  face,  hot 
petulant  temper,  quick  student  and  diligent.  Loves  outdoor  sport  and 
mechanical  pursuits.  Always  had  a  weak  stomach,  but  eats  greedily, 
and  it  is  hard  to  make  him  chew  his  food.  Is  often  laid  up  with  fever 
and  sore  throat,  due  to  overeating  or  greediness  in  eating  rich  food, 
but  a  day's  starvation  cures  him. 

H  23  5  .  Born  1905;  always  large  for  his  age;  grey  eyes,  rosy 
cheeks,  light  brown  hair  that  is  red  in  the  sunlight ;  never  sick.  Power- 
ful imagination ;  plays  by  himself,  making  of  himself  an  entire  football 
or  baselmll  team.  Loves  outdoor  life.  Remarkable  musical  taste; 
picked  up  piano-playing  without  aid  and  has  such  a  good  ear  for  music 
that  he  can  find  correct  chords  and  harmonies  alone. 

G  1  ^  .  Born  about  1850;  a  Frenchman  of  medium  height,  dark 
brown  hair  and  eyes,  large  nose ;  dissipated  but  religious.  Xever  able 
to  support  family,  but  always  able  to  live  well  himself,  and  associate 
with  the  best  people.  Clever  engineer,  but  cannot  hold  a  position 
because  he  will  not  take  orders  from  anyone.  Married  G  2  a  slender, 
refined,  half-French,  half-Irish  girl;  large  blue  eyes,  wavy  golden  hair, 
Roman  nose,  small  mouth,  oval  face.  She  was  a  famous  beauty  in  the 
South,  but  has  become  through  worry,  a  nervous  and  physical  wreck 
at  60,  and  looks  90.  \"ery  religious,  strict  Roman  Catholic,  intolerant, 
sarcastic,  bitter  and  not  altogether  sincere.  Brought  up  her  five 
daughters,  all  of  them  rare  beauties,  under  great  difiiculties.  but  made 
refined  and  elegant  ladies  of  them.  They  are  all  of  same  physical  type, 
tall,  well-built,  rosy-cheeks,  brown  eyes,  large  straight  nose  with  large 
nostrils,  perfectly-shaped  mouths,  and  slender  hands ;  all  inclined  to 
display,  and  extravagant  in  dress.    H  6  married  her  first  cousin,  already 


28 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


described.  H  -i  2  is  selfish,  silly  in  money  matters,  no  idea  of  economy, 
discontented,  melancholy,  says  she  was  born  sad  and  is  always  sadder 
when  the  sun  shines ;  married  a  rich  man  she  did  not  love ;  he  was  a 
dark,  black-eyed,  short  man  of  French-Italian  parentage,  a  successful, 
self-made  business  man,  her  third  cousin.  Of  her  three  children, 
lis  was  born  1906  with  a  pyloric  obstruction  and  died  in  30  days; 
I  2  S  was  born  1907  with  a  pyloric  obstruction  which  was  cured,  and 
today  he  is  a  robust,  fat,  black-eyed,  curly  haired,  active,  hot-tempered 
boy.  13^,  born  1910,  with  a  hare  lip,  and  absolutely  no  palate;  the 
bone  that  carries  the  upper  incisors  is  also  absent.  Operation  closed 
the  lip  and  made  a  nostril.  1912  is  cutting  teeth ;  second  incisors  are 
growing  at  edge  of  jaw  bone  on  brink  of  opening.  Lower  teeth  com- 
ing normally.  He  has  red  hair,  blue  eyes ;  physically  robust,  trying 
hard  to  talk. 

b.  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  BEECHER-FOOTE  FAMILY. 
Every  family  that  comprises  genius  that  is  commonly  regarded 
as  of  high  order  offers  points  of  great  interest.  In  how  far  is  the 
genius  sui  generis?  Whence  came  the  strain  of  large  imagination? 
Is  this  imagination  associated  with  eccentricity  and  flightiness  such 
as  we  see  in  the  insane? 


1 


o 

2 


D- 

3 


o 

4 


6ib6666ib 


"=  6iti6i6iiii    (5d5 


10     12     14 


16     17     IS 


Fig. 


As  an  example  we  select  the  "Beecher  family" — a  family  that 
includes  two  persons  of  "Hall  of  Fame"  grade :  Henry  Ward  Beecher 
and  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  his  sister. 

III.  1.  Catherine  Esther  Beecher,  b.  E.  Hampton,  L.  I.,  Sept.  6, 
1800;  d.  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  May  12,  1878.  Educated  at  Litchfield,  Sem., 
Conn.     She  prepared  her  own  text  books  in  arithmetic,  theology  and 


The   Famiia-IIistory   Book.  29 

mental  and  moral  philosophy.  In  1832  went  to  Cincinnati  with  her 
father  and  started  a  seminary  there,  but  h^r  health  failed.  She  then 
devoted  herself  to  plan  for  the  physical,  social,  intellectual  and  moral 
education  of  women,  which  was  promoted  through  a  National  Board 
of  Popular  Education,  that  sent  hundreds  of  women  as  teachers  into 
the  south  and  west.  Her  mind  was  full  of  original  vigor,  but  without 
much  imagination,  consequently  some  of  her  schemes  were  imprac- 
ticable. She  had  a  great  deal  of  racy  humor,  and  mother-wit,  with 
patience,  magnanimity,  and  unbounded  good-nature,  no  bitterness  or 
malice ;  while  working  for  women's  education  she  opposed  woman 
suffrage  and  college  education  for  them.  Her  own  common  sense 
was  her  standard  of  judgment.  She  believed  that  what  she  could  not 
comprehend  could  not  exist ;  had  no  appreciation  of  art  or  classical 
music ;  she  sang  and  played  the  piano  and  the  guitar  and  occasionally 
wrote  verses ;  for  many  years  she  suffered  from  lameness  and  weak- 
ness of  nerve  and  body ;  and  all  her  work  was  carried  on  under  great 
bodily  difficulties.  Her  published  works  include  "Letters  on  the 
Difficulties  of  Religion,"  "The  ]\loral  Instructor,"  "Treatise  on  Domes- 
tic Economy,"  "Housekeepers'  Receipt  Book,"  "Duty  of  American 
Women  to  their  Country,"  "Physiology  and  Calisthenics,"  "Common 
Sense  Applied  to  Religion." 

HI.  2.  Rev.  Wm.  Henry,  b.  E.  Hampton,  L.  L,  Jan.  15,  1802. 
Educated  at  home  and  in  Andover.  1833  received  honorary  degree 
of  A.  yi.  from  Yale.  Home  missionary  on  the  Western  Reserve  and 
since  held  charges  in  Putnam,  Toledo,  and  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  in  Read- 
ing and  X.  Brookfield,  ^Nlass. 

HI.  4.  Rev.  Edward,  b.  Hampton,  L.  I.,  Aug.  27.  1803.  Gradu- 
ated at  Yale  1822,  studied  theology  at  Andover  and  New  Haven; 
tutor  at  Yale  1825.  Pastor  of  Park  St.  Church,  Boston  182G-30; 
president  of  111.  College,  Jacksonville,  18-1-1;  Pastor  Salem  St.  Church, 
Boston  and  in  Galesburg,  111.  till  1870.  Prof,  of  exegesis  in  Chicago 
Theol.  Sem.  1872  retired  from  the  ministry.  Was  senior  editor  of 
the  Congregationalist  for  its  first  (i  years  and  was  constant  contributor 
to  periodicals.  His  two  works  on  the  "Ages"  gave  rise  to  much  dis- 
cussion, and  have  modified  doctrinal  statements  as  to  the  origin  of 
human  depravity.     Married  Isabella  P.  Jones,  Oct.  27,  1829. 

HI.  G.  :\Iary  Foote  (Beecher)  b.  July  19,  1805;  m.  Xov.  7, 
1827,  Thomas  Clapp  Perkins  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  b.  July  30,  1798;  d. 
Oct.  11,  1870. 


30  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

III.  8.  Rev.  George  Beecher,  b.  East  Hampton,  L.  I-,  May  G, 
1809;  d.  Chillicothe,  Ohio*;  m.  July  13,  1837,  Sarah  P.  Buckingham 
of  Putnam,  Ohio.  He  studied  in  Hartford  under  the  care  of  his 
brother  Edward  and  took  a  collegiate  course  at  Yale ;  attended  Theol. 
Seminary  at  New  Haven.  His  collegiate  and  professional  courses 
were  interrupted  by  ill  health.  Had  strong  social  sympathy  and  a 
habit  of  transmitting  thoughts  and  feelings  to  friends  or  relatives  by 
letters.  He  says :  "When  I  am  in  a  weak  state  of  body,  unless  I 
have  friends  with  whom  I  can  converse  and  thus  become  excited  by 
the  collision  of  intellect,  I  cannot  raise  myself  to  the  point  of  writing 
with  ease."  His  sermons  written  under  intense  excitement.  Liked 
exciting  labor,  rather  than  patient,  laborious  study.  Guileless,  affec- 
tionate, honest,  precipitous,  broad-minded  non-sectarian.  Musical 
ability,  as  he  had  charge  of  two  singing  schools  and  often  led  his  own 
choir.  Passionately  fond  of  flowers,  shells  and  other  natural  objects 
with  beautiful  form  and  color.  Interested  in  total  abstinence.  He 
suffered  much  from  dyspepsia,  and  was  frequently  depressed  in  spirits. 
He  was  much  troubled  with  weakness  of  the  throat  and  lungs.  In  his 
pastorate  he  is  described  as  active  and  ardent ;  never  uninteresting, 
sometimes  surpassingly  powerful,  but  not  always  happy  in  his  efforts. 
Died  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  July  1,  1843,  of  a  self-inflicted  gunshot 
wound. 

III.  10.  Harriet  (Elizabeth)  Beecher,  b.  Litchfield,  June  14, 
1811.  Left  motherless  at  4  years.  Went  to  aunt's  house;  committed 
to  memory  a  wonderful  assortment  of  hymns,  poems  and  scriptural 
passages ;  had  a  very  retentive  memory  and  used  it  later  in  life. 
/'With  the  ability  to  read,"  Mrs.  Stowe  said  in  after  years,  ''there 
seemed  to  germinate  in  me  the  intense  literary  longing  that  belonged 
to  me  from  that  time."  From  4  to  6,  sought  for  books :  read  Arabian 
Nights  at  6.  Harriet  is  described  by  her  step-mother  as  amiable, 
affectionate,  and  very  bright.  As  a  girl,  on  hearing  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  read :  "The  heroic  element  was  strong  in  me  .  .  . 
and  it  made  me  long  to  do  something;  I  knew  not  what,  to  fight  for  mv 
country,  or  to  make  some  declaration  on  my  own  account."  At  10 
or  11,  at  Litchfield  Acad.:  A  great  joy  to  be  allowed  to  write  compo- 
sitions. Wrote  one  that  she  read  at  12  years  and  father  proud  of  it. 
Subject:  "Can  the  Immortality  of  the  Soul  be  Proved  by  the  Light 
of  Nature?"  At  12,  she  went  to  a  Hartford  school,  and  began  a 
drama  called  Cleon  (a  great  lord  at  the  time  of  Nero),  remarkable 
for  a  girl  of  her  age.     "Converted"  at  14  years.     Had  an  excitable 


The  Famikv-Histokv   Book.  31 

poetic  nature.  Was  subject  to  hypochondria.  "You  don't  know  how 
wretched  I  feel,  so  useless,  so  weak,  so  destitute  of  all  energy."  In 
lS32  wrote  a  geography  (pub.  1833).  Published  a  satirical  essay  in 
the  \\'cstern  Magazine.  Married  Calvin  E.  Stowe,  Jan.  1836.  Twins, 
autumn  1838.  Literary  work  while  housekeeping,  1840.  June  IG, 
1845:  "I  suffer  with  sensible  distress  in  the  brain  ...  a  distress 
which  some  days  takes  from  me  all  power  of  planning  or  executing 
anything."  1850,  "When  I  have  a  headache  and  feel  sick  as  I  do  to- 
day." The  scene  of  death  of  her  ''Uncle  Tom"  presented  itself  almost 
as  a  tangible  vision  to  her  mind  while  sitting  at  the  communion  table; 
was  almost  overcome  with  it  and  could  scarcely  restrain  the  convulsion 
of  tears  and  sobbings  that  shook  her  frame.  Love  of  fun  ;  absentminded. 
"Mrs.  Stowe's  face  like  that  of  all  her  mother's  children  showed  the 
delicate  refinement  of  the  Foote  mask  overlaid  by  the  stronger  and 
more  sanguine  Beecher  characteristics.  Curly,  crispy  hair,  eyes  kind 
and  pleasant,  frame  slender  with  'scholar's  stoop'  of  the  shoulder. 
Manner  self-possessed,  gentle,  considerate,  without  the  graces  of  one 
habituated  to  society,  she  was  evidently  a  gentlewoman  born  and  bred." 
Mrs.  Stowe's  genius  was  essentially  dramatic.  Her  own  theater, 
herself  among  the  actors,  the  scenery  never  out  of  her  brain.  Mind 
bubbling  and  boiling ;  "Think  of  so  many  stories  that  I  don't  settle 
on  any."  Her  public  readings  were  a  great  success!  She  died  July  1, 
1896,  at  85  years  of  age  at  Hartford,  Conn.  Mind  had  deteriorated  in 
late  years.  "]\Iind  almost  ceased  to  act"  for  some  years  before  her  death. 
(Like  her  father's)  "My  mind  wanders  like  a  murmuring  brook." 

in.  12.  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.,  b.  June 
24.  1813;  d.  ^lar.  8,  1887;  m.  Aug.  3,  1837,  Eunice  White  Buliard, 
West  Sutton,  Mass.  A  graduate  of  Amherst  College,  1834;  studied 
at  Lane  Theological  Seminary,  1834-7.  Pastorates  in  Laurenceburg, 
Tnd. :  Indianapolis,  Ind. ;  and  Brooklyn.  X.  Y.  Editor  of  X\  Y.  Inde- 
pendent in  1861,  and  in  1870,  editor  of  the  Christian  I'nion  (now  the 
Outlook).  He  published  numerous  books.  Had  great  literary  and 
oratorical  ability,  great  personal  magnetism.  In  temperament  he  was 
always  ]io]:)eful.  expectant  and  progressive.  Xaturally  shy  and  bashful, 
ran  awav  from  his  sister's  party  as  a  boy  and  at  (iO  years  confessed 
tliat  lie  never  entered,  without  embarrassment,  a  room  in  which  he 
expected  to  find  strangers.  Witty  and  quick  in  repartee,  an  excellent 
mimic,  usually  the  center  of  a  circle  of  tempestuous  merriment.  In 
1:)oyhood  was  a  daring  leader  and  desired  to  excel  in  everything.  Had 
a  habit  of  investigation  and  was  a  close  observer.     Had  a  positive 


32  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  Nxd.  7. 

genius  for  friendship.  His  generosity,  fairness,  love  for  his  enemies  and 
his  self-control,  impressed  one  friend  most.  He  was  not  an  original 
thinker,  but  had  great  philosophical  insight,  spiritual  vision  and  the 
power  of  persuasion  in  public  capacity ;  in  both  civil  war  and  recon- 
struction period,  he  exhibited  prophetic  and  statesmanlike  quahties. 
He  employed  the  resources  of  wide  reading,  broad  sympathy  with 
men,  vivid  imagination  and  a  devout  emotional  nature.  He  never 
could  handle  figures  correctly  but  saw  the  philosophy  and  poetrx-  which 
underlay  mathematics  and  even  statistics.  Was  rather  careless  in 
money  matters.  Had  a  great  love  of  flowers,  gems,  and  natural 
beauty  in  form  and  color.  He  died  of  cerebral  hemorrhage,  March 
8,  1887. 

HI.  14.  Rev.  Charles  Beecher,  b.  Litchfield,  Conn.,  Oct.  7,  1815. 
Graduated  at  Bowdoin  1831:.  Theol.  course  in  Lane  Seminary,  Ohio. 
Ordained  pastor  of  2nd  Presbyterian  Church,  Fort  Wayne,  1851,  when 
he  wxnt  to  Newark  for  three  years.  1857  at  First  Congregational 
Church,  Georgetown,  Mass.  1870-77  resided  in  Florida  where  for  2 
years  he  was  state  supt.  of  public  instruction  and  later  pastor  at 
Wysox,  Pa.  Was  an  excellent  musician,  and  selected  and  arranged 
much  of  the  music  for  the  "Plymouth  Collection."  Published  :  'I'he 
Incarnation  or  Pictures  of  the  Virgin  and  Her  Son ;  David  and  His 
Throne  ;  Pen  Pictures  of  the  Bible  ;  Autobiography  and- Correspond- 
ence of  Lyman  Beecher.    He  married  Sarah  Coffin. 

HALF    BROTHERS    AND    SISTERS. 

III.  16.  Rev.  Thomas  Kennicut  Beecher,  son  of  Harriet  (Por- 
ter) Beecher,  b.  Feb,  10,  1824.  Graduated  from  111.  College  184:)  when 
his  brother  Edw^ard  was  president.  Pastor  of  N.  E.  Cong.  Church,  in 
Williamsburg,  now  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  and  had  charge  of  the  Indedend- 
ent  Cong;  Church.  Was  an  influential  speaker  and  writer  and  is  dis- 
tinguished for  philanthropy.  Ignores  sectarian  feelings  and  seeks 
to  promote  a  fraternal  spirit  among  the  various  Christian  denomina- 
tions. Edited  a  weekly  Miscellany  in  two  Elmira  papers  on  current 
topics.  A  lecturer;  has  pronounced  mechanical  and  scientific  tastes 
and  is  a  lover  of  art  as  well  as  a  keen  critic.  Has  travelled  in  Eng- 
land, France,  South  America  and  California. 

HI.  K.  Rev.  James  Chaplin  Beecher,  b.  Boston,  Jan.  8,  1<S28; 
d.  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  25,  1886.  Graduated  at  Dartmouth  and  studied 
at  Andover.  Until  1861  was  chaplain  of  the  Seamen's  Bethel  in  Can- 
ton and  Hong  Kong,  China.     In  Civil  War  was  cha])lain  and  then 


The  Kam  iLv-llisTOKV   Book.  33 

Lieut.  Col.  and  mustered  out  in  18()()  as  brevet  1)rigadier  general. 
Later  held  pastorates  in  Oswego,  Poughkeepsie  and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
After  3  years  of  acute  suffering  from  hallucinations  which  had  been 
present  since  18G4,  he  committed  suicide. 

in.  \S.  Isabella  Beecher,  b.  Feb.  22,  1822,  at  Cincinnati,  mar- 
ried John  Hooker ;  she  combined  many  traits  of  a  gifted  family.  Was 
an  active  champion  of  the  claim  of  women  to  the  ballot. 

The  parents  of  the  fraternity  III,  1-14  were  Rev.  Lyman  Beecher 
and  Roxanna  Foote  who  were  married  in  Sept.  19,  1797. 

FATHER. 

II.  1.  Lyman  Beecher,  born  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Oct.  12, 
1775.  The  only  child  of  David  Beecher  and  Esther  Lyman,  his  wife. 
He  was  a  7  months  child,  weighed  scarcely  3  pounds  at  birth  and  his 
mother  died  of  tuberculosis  two  days  after  he  was  born.  He  was 
laid  aside  as  not  viable,  but  after  awhile,  as  he  continued  to  breathe, 
was  washed,  dressed,  and  cared  for.  He  grew  up  in  his  uncle's  familv 
at  Guilford,  Conn. ;  worked  at  blacksmith's  shop  and  farm  ;  placed  in 
a  good  school  where  he  proved  to  be  the  best  reader  in  the  school. 
Graduated  from  Yale  1797 ;  ordained  1798  and  preached  in  Presby- 
terian church  in  East  Hampton,  Long  Island,  1798-1810.  In  Congre- 
gational Church,  Litchfield,  Conn.,  1810-26;  in  Boston  1826-32;  at 
Cincinnati,  1833-43  and  was  president  of  the  newly  established  Lane 
Theological  Seminary  at  Cincinnati,  1832-50  and  professor  emeritus 
until  his  death  at  Brooklyn,  in  1863.  He  was  tried  for  heresy,  a  mark 
of  breath  of  view  in  theological  matters.  Published  Views  in  The- 
ology, 1836  ;  A  Plea  for  the  \\'est,1835 ;  Sermons  on  Temperance,  etc. 
Was  married  three  times,  first  to  Roxanna  Foote,  Sept.  19,  1797,  who 
died  1818 ;  then  to  Harriet  Porter  of  Portland,  Me.  His  mental  traits 
were  as  follows  :  His  imagination  was  apparently  visionary  (for  his 
l)ehavior  was  erratic)  and  suggestive  ;  his  memory  was  retentive  ;  his 
methods  of  work  on  the  whole  unsystematic,  impulsive.  He  had  a 
love  of  music  and  was  very  susceptible  to  its  influence.  He  had  a  piano 
sent  from  New  Haven  to  Litchfield,  learned  to  accompany  it  with  the 
violin,  while  his  sons,  \\' illiam  and  Edward,  played  the  flute.  He  had 
a  strong  sense  of  humor  and  his  household  was  full  of  cheerfulness 
and  much  hilarity,  he  loved  pranks  and  jokes.  He  loved  fishing  and 
took  much  vigorous  exercise,  sawed  wood,  shoveled  sand  and  lived 
much  in  the  open  air.  Seldom  wore  an  overcoat  or  gloves,  nor  carried 
an  umbrella,  exce])t  in  extreme  cases.    He  never  had  property  nor 


34  Eugenics  Record  Ofeice,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

sought  to  acquire  it,  nor  could  he  keep  it  if  he  had  it.  He  had  great 
personal  courage.  Thus  when,  at  college,  he  caught  a  sneak-thief  in 
the  depth  of  the  night  he  brought  him  to  his  room,  made  him  lie  on 
the  floor  until  morning  and  then  took  him  before  a  judge,  fie  had  no 
fear  of,  but  loved,  a  thunder  storm.  But  he  was  impressionable,  for 
when  told  as  a  child  by  a  playmate  that  a  fiction  he  had  invented  would 
incur  the  wrath  of  God  and  cause  him  to  be  burned  forever,  he  was 
deeply  afifected.  He  knew  periods  of  depression  as  well  as  elation. 
He  was  displeased  at  the  publication  of  the  private  diaries  of  great 
men,  especially  if  they  were  of  a  melancholy  cast  or  recorded  great 
alternations  of  ecstasy  and  gloom.  He  ''had  dark  hours  in  his  early 
life,  and  was  able  to  impart  hope  to  the  despondent."  He  loved  action  ; 
said,  "I  was  made  for  action.  The  Lord  drove  me ;  but  I  was  ever 
ready.  I  have  always  been  going  at  full  speed."  He  loved  human 
sympathy  and  had  no  words  of  uncharitableness,  envy  or  jealousy. 
He  was  a  great  correspondent  and  his  children  showed  the  same  trait 
and  maintained  for  years  a  sort  of  circulating  letter  or  "round  robin." 
Enthusiastic  himself,  he  inspired  this  trait  in  others ;  thus  the  arduous 
work  of  building  up  the  family  woodpile  became  a  rivalry  among  the 
children.  In  his  own  work  he  required  a  mental  stimulus  to  writing; 
if  he  had  a  sermon  to  prepare,  he  would  talk  with  the  neighbors  up  to 
the  last  moment  and  then  rush  to  his  study  and  draw  up  his  outlines. 
In  the  pulpit  he  was  bold  to  the  point  of  audacity,  and  displayed  great 
personal  magnetism  and  an  indomitable  will.  He  preferred  speaking 
from  notes  but  was  a  careful  writer.  He  was  a  reformer,  a  contro- 
versationalist,  a  temperance  reformer,  an  optimist,  liberal  and  pro- 
gressive, but  fearful  of  radical  reform,  and  was  extremely  absent- 
minded.  His  physical  health  was  not  robust,  though  maintained  by 
vigorous  exercise.  He  suffered  from  dyspepsia  and  in  the  last  ten 
years  of  his  life  was  mentally  enfeebled. 

MOTHER. 

II.  2.  Roxanna  (Foote)  Beecher,  Guilford,  Conn.,  b.  1775 — d. 
1818.  Daughter  of  Eli  Foote  and  Roxanna  (Ward)  Foote.  She  was 
easily  first  in  his  fraternity  of  nine  in  intellect  and  goodness.  She 
acquired  the  equivalent  of  a  college  education,  besides  the  usual  do- 
mestic tasks  of  girls  of  her  time.  She  read  literature  and  history  and 
science ;  wrote  and  spoke  French,  was  skilled  in  music,  art  and  dress- 
making. She  was  so  sensitive  and  of  so  great  natural  timidity  that  she 
never  spoke  in  company  or  before  strangers  without  blushing,  and  in 


The  Famiuy-Mistorv   Book.  35 

later  life  was  absolutely  unable  to  lead  devotions  in  the  weekly  female 
praver  meetings.  Her  family  were  Tories,  an  indication  of  -character 
which  is  so  marked  a  feature  in  her  descendants.  She  early  learned 
patience,  self-control,  efficiency  and  unselfishness.  She  never  spoke 
an  angry  w'ord,  was  submissive,  not  demonstrative,  but  with  a  profound 
philosophical  nature,  a  depth  of  affection  and  a  serenity  that  was 
charming.  She  had  a  love  of  the  beautiful  and  the  poetic  temperament 
which  Henry  Ward  Beecher  had.  She  loved  nature,  especially  flowers. 
Loyalty  came  from  the  Foote  family,  shown  by  the  anti-slavery  stand 
of  her  children ;  virtue  and  temperance  came  from  the  Ward  family. 

mother's  fraternity. 

H.     3.     Andrew  Ward  Foote,  b.  Nov.  9,  1776 ;  d.  Sept.  29,  1794. 

H.     4.     William  Henry  Foote,  b.  Sept.  8,  1778;  d.  Oct.  7,  1794. 

These  two  boys  died  of  dysentery  the  same  year.  They  were 
youths  of  great  promise. 

II.  5.  Harriet  Foote,  b.  July  28,  1773 ;  d.  Apr.  19,  1842.  Lyman 
Beecher  says  of  her  in  comparing  her  with  her  sister  Roxanna,  whom 
he  married,  that  she  was  "smart  and  witty,  a  little  too  keen."  II,  6. 
Martha  Foote,  b.  Sept.  23,  1781;  d.  Sept.  23,  1793;  11,7.  Catherine 
Foote,  b.  Feb.  28,  1792  and  d.  Aug.  27,  1811.  11,8.  Mary  W^ard 
Foote  Hubbard. 

II.  9.  Samuel  Edmund  Foote  (b.  Oct.  29,  1787  and  d.  Nov.  1, 
1858  in  New  Haven)  was  a  sea  captain  at  18  years,  a  profession  for 
which  he  had  prepared  himself  by  study  and  practice.  Abandoned  the 
sea  in  1826.  Resided  in  Cincinnati  where  he  did  much  for  the  improve- 
ment and  growth  of  the  city.  Was  secretary  and  director  to  the  City 
Water  Company,  and  a  director  of  the  Ohio  River  Canal  and  other 
enterprises.  Lost  a  fortune  in  the  financial  crisis  of  1837  but  gathered 
another  and  retired  to  New  Haven  in  1850.  He  was  an  adventurous 
spirit,  and  loved  the  roving  life  of  a  seaman.  He  was  ingenious  and 
invented  improvements  in  ships'  rigging  and  building  and  this  trait 
made  him  useful  in  his  public  enterprises.  He  had  great  practical 
common  sense  and  business  ability  united  with  large  ideality.  He  was 
a  man  of  wide  interests  and  culture — "one  of  the  best-educated  men 
of  his  time."  He  spoke  and  wrote  the  French,  Italian  and  Spanish 
languages  fluently ;  and  he  had  a  wide  knowledge  of  literature.  He 
was  generous  and  had  a  humorous  combativeness  that  led  him  to  attack 
the  special  theories  and  prejudices  of  his  friends,  sometimes  prosily, 


36  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

and  sometimes  in  earnest.     He  married,  Sept.  9,  1827,  Elizabeth  Betts^ 
Elliott,  a'  distant  cousin. 

II.  10.  Geo.  Augustus  Foote,  Guilford,  Conn.  b.  Dec.  5>,  1789; 
d.  Sept.  5,  1878 ;  m.  May  24,  1829,  Elizabeth  Spencer,  b.  Mar.  23,  1812  ; 
d.  Aug.  29,  1898,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Tuttle)  Spencer. 

GRANDPARENTS. 

I.  1.  David  Beecher,  a  blacksmith,  who  worked  at  the  same 
anvil  his  father  had  before  him  and  on  same  old  stump  of  the  oak 
tree  under  which  John  Davenport  preached  his  first  sermon  in  New 
Haven.  He  was  well  read,  clear-headed,  with  decided  opinions  upon 
questions  of  the  day.  He  kept  college  students  as  boarders  in  order 
to  enjoy  their  conversation.  He  was  fond  of  politics,  loved  to  keep 
pets,  and  was  subject  to  hypochondriacal  attacks.  He  was  absent- 
minded  ;  would  collect  eggs  into  his  pocket  and  sit  down  on  them. 
He  was  short  in  stature,  like  his  mother,  and  like  his  father  and  grand- 
father could  lift  a  barrel  of  cider  and  carry  it  into  the  cellar,  but  his 
grandfather,  John  Beecher,  the  immigrant,  could  lift  so  as  to  drink  out 
of  the  bunghole.  David's  father  was  Nathaniel  Beecher,  six  feet  tall 
and  a  blacksmith,  and  his  mother  was  Sarah  Sperry,  a  woman  of  great 
piety.  David's  father's  father  was  John  Beecher,  whose  wife  was  a 
Pomeroy,  a  family  that  includes  much  talent  in  blacksmithing,  iron- 
making  and  inventiveness. 

I.  2.  Esther  Lyman,  born  ]\Iiddletown,  Conn,  daughter  of  John 
Lyman,  had  a  joyous,  sparkling,  hopeful  temperament;  was  tall,  well 
proportioned  and  dignified  in  movements.  She  died  of  tuberculosis  2 
days  after  her  son  Lyman  was  born. 

I.  3.  Eli  Foote,  Guilford,  Conn,  and  (1,4)  Roxanna  (Ward) 
Foote.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  person,  polished  manners  and  cultivated 
taste.  He  was  educated  for  the  bar  and  practiced  a  little  in  Guilford 
but  eventually  became  a  merchant  and  traded  at  the  South.  He  was  a 
descendant  of  Nathaniel  Foote  whose  family  in  England  had  received 
a  coat  of  arms  with  an  oak  tree  upon  it  and  the  motto,  "Loyalty  and 
Truth"  for  concealing  the  King  in  an  oak  tree  in  time  of  danger. 


in.     DATA  FURNISHED  BY  BIOGRAPHIES. 

Many  well-written  biographies  devote  space  to  a  valuable  account 
of  the  "ancestry"  of  the  person  described.  It  is  not  unusual  to  find  in 
such  accounts  evidence  of  the  origin  of  the  combination  of  traits  that 
made  their  possessor  successful. 


The  Famha'-IIistokv   Book. 

EXAMPLE  1. 

SUBJECT. 

Lyman  Abbott,  b.  Roxbury,  Mass.  Dec.  18,  1835,  graduated  from 
University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  admitted  to  the  bar,  1856,  or- 
dained to  the  Congregational  ministry  1860;  in  literary  work,  1869-88; 
pastor  of  Plymouth  Church,  Brooklyn,  1888-99.  Author  of  books  on 
law,  religion,  the  Bible,  democracy,  etc.  Editor  of  the  Outlook. 
Characterized  by  industry,  clearness,  and  simplicity  of  exposition ;  clear 
thinking  and  judgment  (leading  to  successful  prediction  in  social 
affairs),  modesty,  and  much  musical  ability. 

subject's  fraternity. 

Benjamin  Vaughan  Abbott,  graduate  of  Harvard  Law  School, 
secretary  of  New  York  Code  Commission,  1863-5 :  reviser  of  U.  S. 
statutes,  (16  vols)  digests,  etc.  altogether  exceeding  100  volumes. 
D.  at  59  years,  1890.     Much  musical  ability. 

Austin  Abbott,  b.  Boston  1831 ;  graduated  from  Univ.  of  City  of 
Xew  York,  1851,  practised  law  with  Benjamin  Vaughan;  prepared 
greater  part  of  Abbott's  New  York  Digest  and  "Abbott's  Forms." 
Wrote  many  other  highly  practical  books  to  simplify  legal  procedure. 
Dean  of  Law  School.     Died,  1896. 

Edward  Abbott,  b.  Farmington,  Me.,  1841 ;  graduated  from  Univ. 
of  City  of  New  York,  1860,  and  Andover  Theological  Seminary  1862; 
on  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission,  Army  of  the  Potomac ;  associate  editor 
of  'The  Congregationalist,"  1869-1878.  Joined  the  Protestant  Episco- 
pal denomination  and  had  charge  of  St.  James  parish,  Cambridge. 
Published  numerous  works. 

FATHER. 

Jacob  Abbott,  b.  Hallowell,  Maine,  1803;  graduate  of  Bowdoin 
college,  1820;  studied  at  Andover  Theological  Seminary  1821-24; 
Professor  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy  in  Amherst  College, 
1821-24;  founded  young  ladies'  school  in  Boston,  preached  there  and 
with  his  brothers  founded  Abbott's  Institute  in  New  York  City.  D.  in 
Maine,  1879.  He  was  a  prolific  writer  of  juvenile  stories,  brief  his- 
tories and  biographies  and  religious  books  for  the  general  reader,  and 
a  few  works  in  popular  science.  His  Rollo  Books  (28  vols.)  were 
enormously  popular  and  he  issued  over  200  books  in  all.  His  chief 
characteristics  were  a  remarkable  judgment,  modesty  and  fondness  for 
little  children. 


38  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

father's  fraternity. 

John  Stevens  Cabot  Abbott,  b.  Brunswick,  Mai^e,  1805.  Asso- 
ciated with  Jacob  in  management  of  Abbott's  Institute  and  in  preparing 
his  brief  historical  biographies.  Graduated  from  Bowdoin  College, 
1825 ;  preached  at  various  places  in  Massachusetts.  Wrote  volumi- 
nously books  on  Christian  ethics  and  history.  His  historical  works 
were  popular  but  not  scholarly.  Rose  early  and  worked  two  hours 
before  breakfast ;  an  assiduous  student  who  consulted  nature  as  much 
as  his  library.  Visualized  his  histories  before  writing.  Was  never 
discomposed  nor  in  a  hurry.  Died  Fair  Haven,  Conn.  1877.  (Nat. 
Cyclopedia,  VI;  145.) 

Gorham  Dummer  Abbott,  b.  Brunswick,  ]\Ie.,  Sept.  3,  1807.  Grad- 
uated Bowdoin  College,  1826;  studied  theology  at  Andover ;  took 
horseback  ride  through  South  for  his  health.  Established,  with  his 
brother  Jacob,  the  Mount  Vernon  School  for  Young  Ladies  and  be- 
came, 1837,  pastor  of  Presbyterian  Church  at  New  Rochelle.  Collected 
and  tabulated  data  on  the  educational  facilities,  institutional  methods 
and  systems  of  instruction,  libraries  and  publications  for  the  use  of 
schools  in  this  and  foreign  countries.  Organized  (1836),  and  for  some 
years  served  as  secretary  of,  the  ''Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful 
Knowledge,"  which  published  selected  books  for  school  libraries. 
Secured  useful  legislation  for  public  education.  Founded  private 
academies ;  was  interested  in  studies  in  biblical  exegesis,  in  history  and 
in  problems  of  commerce  and  political  relations  with  Central  America 
and  Mexico.     Died  So.  Natick,  Aug.  4,  1874. 

Samuel  Phillips  Abbott,  founded  in  1844,  at  Farmington,  Maine, 
the  Abbott  school,  popularly  called  "Little  Blue" ;  a  teacher  and  a 
lover  of  youth.     Two  sisters  and  one  other  brother. 

father's  father. 
,  very  musical. 

MOTHER. 

Harriet  \'aughan,  musical. 

EXAMPLE  2.* 

SUBJECT. 

George  Bancroft,  b.  Oct.  3,  1800  at  Worcester,  Mass.  As  a  boy 
called  ''wild."    Early  schooling  meagre,  then  at  Exeter  Academy  where 

*  M.   A.   deWolfe  Howe:    "Life  and  Letters   of   George   Bancroft,"   Scribner, 
1908. 


The  I'a.m  ii.v-1  Ii.-^tokv    Hook.  39 

he  showed  traits  of  intellectual  (juiekness  and  ambition  and  won  (1813) 
the  prize  for  best  classical  composition.  Then  at  Harvard  Colleij^e 
where  he  bore  the  nickname  of  "The  Doctor,"  and  was  elected  to  the 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  society.  Studied  in  Europe,  1818-1822,  at  Heidelberg, 
Gottingcn  and  l^Jerlin.  Taught  at  Harvard,  and  later  organized  a  sec- 
ondary school  for  boys,  1822-31.  Married  Aliss  Dwight  of  Spring- 
field, Mass.  Entered  political  life,  nominated  for  Governor  of  jNlassa- 
chusetts,  1844,  became  Secretary  of  the  Navy  under  Polk,  ]84(),  became 
influential  in  annexation  of  Texas  and  the  settling  of  the  Northwest 
boundary  dispute.  Minister  to  London  in  1846;  to  P>erlin,  18()7; 
recognized  as  leader  in  diplomatic  circles,  died  at  Washington,  1891. 
His  great  literary  work  is  his  History  of  the  United  States,  begun  18.'3G, 
of  which  five  volumes  appeared.  His  work  characterized  by  a  philo- 
sophic spirit,  as  well  as  by  accuracy.  He  had  great  imagination  and 
enthusiasm,  capable  of  large  generalizations.  Said  of  him  that  he  had 
two  principal  faults :  Getting  excited  over  little  things,  and  having 
little  respect  for  the  judgment  ot  others. 

subject's  fraternity. 

Lucrctia  Bancroft,  married  \\'illiam  Farnuni. 

Jane  Putnam  Bancroft,  mother  of  Admiral  Gherardi. 

Henry  Bancroft,  a  sea  captain  in  the  East  India  trade  and  sailing 
master  of  one  of  ]\lcDonough's  vessels  in  the  battle  of  Lake  Champlain. 
Died  at  30  years. 

John  Bancroft,  followed  the  sea  and  was  lost  at  sea  at  32  years. 

Eliza  Bancroft,  married  "Honest  John"  Davis,  former  governor 
of  Massachusetss  and  a  U.  S.  Senator. 

FATHER. 

Aaron  Bancroft,  born  at  Reading.  Massachusetts,  Nov.  10,  1775 ; 
died  at  Worcester,  Alassachusetts,  August  19,  1835.  Entered  Harvard 
College  1774,  graduated  with  honor,  1778;  given  degree  of  D.  D.,  1810. 
On  leaving  college  taught  unsuccessfully,  then  went  to  Nova  Scotia 
to  preach.  Rebelled  against  Calvinism  and  became  a  LTiitarian  ;  was 
indifferent  to  praise  or  fault  finding;  was  president  of  the  Unitarian 
association,  1825-182G;  wrote  in  1807  a  "Life  of  Washington,"  which 
brought  him  fame. 

A  bright,  cheerful  and  hospitable  man  who  loved  the  society  of 
intellectual  friends ;  had  a  ready  sympathy,  was  lively  in  conversation, 
quick  and  clear  in  perception.     His  mind  was  calm,  logical,  reflective, 


40  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

he  loved  literature  and  its  pursuits.  Temperament  bilious,  physical 
organization  delicate,  irascible  in  boyhood,  but  later  self-restrained. 
Affection  strong,  but  not  demonstrative.  Died  four  months  after  his 
wife. 

father's  Father. 

Deacon  Samuel  Bancroft. 

father's  father's  fattier. 

Deacon  Thomas  Bancroft  of  Reading,  Mass.  He  left  a  will  re- 
citing: "My  history  books  to  be  divided  among  my  three  sons  equally," 
etc.   (showing  his  interest  in  history.) 

mother. 

Lucretia  Chandler ;  *'of  remarkable  benevolence,  had  uncommon 
gifts  of  mind,  ]:)layfulness  and  cheerfulness."  As  a  child  "cared  not 
for  history  nor  did  I  read  much  of  travels."  Read  many  novels,  liked 
plays  and  blank  verse.  Always  ready  for  amusements ;  the  gayness 
of  the  ball  room ;  called  "black-eyed  Indian." 

mother's  mother. 

Mary  Church  of  Bristol,  R.  I.  whose  father's  father  was  Captain 
Benjamin  Church  of  King  Philip's  War,  and  a  chronicler  of  the 
Indian  Wars. 

mother's  father. 

John  Chandler,  filled  various  offices  of  importance  in  the  provincial 
government  of  Massachusetts.  Came  of  a  family  conspicuous  for 
wealth  and  social  place.  Known  as  "Tory  John";  fled  to  Halifax  at 
the  opening  of  the  Revolution. 


IV.     THE  RECORD  OF  SPECIAL  TRAITS. 

Almost  every  family  has  one  or  more  interesting  inheritable  traits, 
which  can  be  traced  through  two  or  more  generations,  and  a  record 
of  which  w'ill  be  of  great  value.  The  Eugenics  Record  Office  issues 
small  blank  schedules  for  the  recording  of  such  data.  One  of  these  is 
reproduced  below.  The  first  line  is  for  the  name  and  address  of  the 
person  responsible  for  filling  out  the  schedule.  The  second  is  for  the 
name  and  trait  of  some  person  in  the  family  who  serves  as  a  starting 
point  in  the  description  and  is  called  "subject."  The  third  line  is  for 
the  subject's  address,  in  order  that  further  details  may  be  inquired  into. 


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The  Family-]  lisTuKv   Book.  45 

The  fourth  and  fifth  Hues  are  for  a  brief  record  of  the  inheritable 
trait  as  it  occurs  in  the  subject.  The  middle  of  this  face  of  the 
schedule  is  devoted  to  a  statistical  summary  of  the  distribution  of  the 
trait  in  the  relatives  of  the  subject;  each  relative  or  class  of  relatives 
is  numbered  for  reference  to  the  descriptions  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
schedule.  Where  there  are  two  affected  brothers,  they  may  be  desig- 
nated as  oa,  3b,  and  so  on.  In  3,  4,  7,  8,  11  to  20  give  the  number 
of  the  persons  who  have  the  same  trait  as  the  subject  and  the  number 
who  lack  it.  In  the  lower  part  of  the  schedule  is  given  the  name  and 
address  of  the  relatives  who  have  the  same  trait  as  the  subject  and  a 
brief  description  of  the  trait  as  it  occurs  in  them.  The  last  lines  ask 
for  information  as  to  consanguinity. 

The  obverse  of  the  schedule  is  for  a  genealogical  chart  which  shall 
set  forth  the  precise  relationships  of  the  members  of  the  family — the 
"subject"  being  designated  by  an  index  U^^.  In  the  chart,  squares 
indicate  male  individuals,  circles  females.  Symbols  for  brothers  and 
sisters  are  suspended  from  the  same  horizontal  line.  Consorts  (i.  e. 
wives  or  husbands)  are  connected  by  means  of  single  (or  double) 
oblique  lines,  preferably  single.  Any  fraternity  is  connected  with  its 
parents  by  a  short  vertical  line.  Individuals  who  bear  the  same  trait 
may  be  represented  by  solid  black  symbols ;  those  who  show  the  trait, 
but  less  marked,  by  shaded  symbols.  Teachers  have  a  great  oppor- 
tunity in  securing  records  of  special  traits. 

In  the  first  example  given  (Figs.  6  and  6a).  we  have  in  the  upper 
(first)  generation  two  pairs  of  parents — each  the  parents  of  two  chil- 
dren ;  the  son  of  one  of  these  parents  married  the  daughter  of  the 
other  pair ;  and  the  daughter  of  the  first,  the  son  of  the  second.  The 
first  couple  had  a  son  with  the  trait  in  question,  and  he  married  a 
similar.  Their  four  children  had  the  trait.  The  second  couple  had 
only  two  children  of  whom  the  older  (the  daughter)  married  a  man 
with  the  trait  slightly  marked,  whose  mother  was  like  himself,  but  had 
a  daughter  with  the  trait  well  marked.  The  son  of  this  pair  had  the 
trait. 

In  the  second  example  (Figs.  7  and  7a)  we  have  in  the  first  gen- 
eration four  pairs  of  parents  three  of  which  are  parents  of  persons 
with  hare  lip.  In  the  second  generation  one  parent  has  hare  lip  and 
the  other  parent  has  an  aflfected  sister;  while  of  the  second  pair  of 
parents  one  is  known  to  have  a  first  cousin  with  hare  lip.  Then  a 
generation  is  skipped,  followed  by  the  last  generation  with  two  out  of 
five  in  the  fraternitv  who  have  hare  lip. 


n 


46 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


V.     RECORDS  OF  RECENT  IMMIGRANTS. 

The  stream  of  immigrants,  often  amounting  to  thousands  in  one 
day,  that  enters  this  country  constitutes  a  great  problem,  inasmuch 
as  the  probable  nature  of  their  germ  plasm — the  condition  of  their 
progeny — is  unknown.  Nor  will  an  inspection  of  the  body  of  the  immi- 
grant enable  us  to  decide  whether  he  or  she  will  produce  socially 
desirable  offspring.  There  is  only  one  reasonable  way  to  keep  up  our 
social  standards,  and  that  is  to  exclude  immigrants  who  obviously 
belong  to  bad  strains.  Such  strains  can  be  detected  best  by  studies 
made  at  the  country  of  emigration. 

To  enforce  the  importance  of  ''blood"  and  family  traits  it  is 
desirable  to  study  the  families  of  recent  immigrants  who  have  arrived 
in  America  during  the  great  immigration  that  began  in  1880  and  has 
not  yet  ceased.  As  a  sort  of  model  of  such  studies,  of  which  we 
ought  to  have  hundreds,  we  reproduce  a  report  by  Rev.  W.  E.  Daven- 
port, Head  Worker  at  the  Italian  Settlement,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


9^3  ^6^^?'^^'^$$ 


2  4        6 


<^6^^        ^ 


Fig.  8. 


THE  A FAMILY,  FROM  SICILY. 

Thirteen  years  ago,  Rosario  A (II,  3,  Fig.   8),  born   185G, 

pursued  in  Bagheria  near  Palermo,  Sicily,  his  deceased  father's  trade 
of  cooper.  He  was  tall,  strong,  muscular  and  active,  and  had,  a  few 
years  before,  weighed  over  two  hundred  pounds ;  but  he  suffered 
occasionally  from  early  rupture.     His  hair  and  eyes  were  black,  his 


The  Family-History  Book.  47 

complexion  swarthy,  his  forehead  low  and  square,  and  his  features 
regular. 

Hcononiically  he  was  successful.  He  lived  in  his  own  two-storied 
house,  the  lower  part  of  which  contained  a  wine-press  and  cooperage 
shop.  He  made  and  sold  much  wine  every  Fall,  employing  at  the 
vintage  season  four  or  five  men ;  he  also  made  casks  and  barrels. 
Seven  years  earlier  he  had  bought  a  lemon  orchard  for  10,000  lire, 
hoiking  that  the  income  from  it  would  help  maintain  his  family.  He 
never  saw  army  service,  and  was  illiterate. 

His  blue-eyed  father  (I,  1)  died  of  shock,  a  sudden  injury,  eight 
years  before,  aged  65.  His  strong,  well-preserved,  devoted  mother 
(1,2),  70  years  old,  looked  to  him  for  support.  His  only  brother 
(H,  1)  had  married,  and  moved  to  Palermo,  where  he  prospered  in 
the  dry-goods  business.  Of  his  four  sisters,  all  married,  two  w^ere 
in  fairly,  prosperous  circumstances.  One,  Pauline  (n,5),  born  1852, 
is  short  and  strong,  has  dark  eyes  and  dark  hair,  a  broad  forehead  and 
regular  features.  She  married  Leonardo  P.  but  after  she  was  50  years 
old,  she  left  him  and  came  to  Brooklyn  (1905)  to  live  with  a  married 
son  who  was  a  longshoreman. 

In   1877,  Rosario  A married   Guiseppina   C (n,4),  of 

medium  height,  fair  complexion,  brown  hair  and  eyes.  She  is  fond 
of  jewelry,  vain  of  her  plain  looks,  superstitious,  prone  to  gossip  about 
her  neighbors,  shiftless  and  careless  of  her  daily  duties,  and  with  an 
unruly  temper.  Her  father  (1,3),  a  clerk,  died  young;  her  blue-eyed 
mother  (1,4)   died  of  cholera  in  1873. 

By  1898,  Rosario  had  met  with  business  reverses.  Owing  to  the 
ravages  of  the  Phylloxera,  the  wine  crops  for  two  years  had  failed, 
and  the  dowry  of  5,000  lire  that  he  had  given  his  eldest  daughter 
(HI,  1)  on  her  marriage  had  depleted  his  purse;  so  he  came  with  his 
eldest  son  (111,8)  to  Brooklyn  to  improve  his  fortune.  He  quickly 
found  work  in  Arbuckle's  cooperage,  and  about  a  year  later  his  son 
did  likewise.  Then,  in  189D  his  second  daughter  (HI,  3)  was  sent  for 
to  help  keep  the  rooms  and  earn  wages  in  a  factory.  Finally,  in  1902, 
with  good  work  and  thrift,  Rosario  was  able  to  send  for  his  wife  and 
other  children  except  the  married  daughter.  They  arrived  Feb.  23, 
1903.  Three  months  later  Rosario  was  taken  to  the  Brooklyn  Hospital, 
suffering  from  hernia  and  intestinal  stricture,  and  was  operated  upon 
successfully.  But,  despite  the  doctor's  warning,  he  returned  to  work 
too  soon,  his  trouble  recurred  in  a  severe  form,  and  he  died,  December 
1903.     With  the  aid  of  her  second  daughter,  his   wife   retained  her 


48  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

apartment  and  brought  up  her  unmarried  children.  Stomach  trouble 
developed  in  1903,  diagnosed  first  as  a  tumor  and,  in  1905,  as  cancer. 
Despite  a  weak  heart,  she  worked  in  a  factory  intermittently  to  make 
up  her  rent;  but,  throughout  1910,  she  failed  rapidly,  attended  by  a 
nurse  from  the  Bureau  of  Charities,  and  died  the  same  year. 

Of  the  children  of  Rosario  and  Guiseppina,  the  eldest  is  Guisep- 
pina  (111,1),  born  1878  near  Palermo,  and  still  living  there.  She  is 
of  medium   height   and  has  brown  hair   and   blue   eyes   and   regular 

features.    Her  husband,  Nicolo  R (III,  2),  who  has  simplex  brown 

eyes,  was,  at  the  time  of  their  marriage,  and  is,  a  thrifty  raiser  of  and 
dealer  in  lemons.  The  second  child  is  Francesca  (111,3),  born  1884. 
She  is  of  medium  stature,  has  chestnut  hair  and  eyes,  a  lighter  com- 
plexion, and  regular  features,  and  is  very  illiterate.    Since  her  marriage 

in  1902  to  John  L (HL  4).  she  had  tubercular  cysts  removed  from 

her  neck  and  chest.     John   L reached   Brooklyn   in   189G,    from 

Ponticella,  near  Bagheria.  He  is  strong,  of  medium  height,  has  a 
swarthy  complexion  and  coal-black  eyes.  He  is  illiterate  but  energetic, 
honest  and  affectionate.  Brought  up  in  Italy  as  a  fisherman,  he  here 
first  worked  on  the  docks ;  in  1901  he  started  to  peddle  fish  with  a 
basket  license,  and  later,  like  his  brother  Sebastino  III,  5,  (who  is 
also  married  and  lives  on  Hudson  Avenue,  Brooklyn)  he  opened  a 
fish  store.  He  improved  financially,  but  in  1908,  he  was  struck  by  a 
falling  cask  on  the  docks,  where  he  occasionally  worked,  and  went  to 
the  hospital  with  both  collarbones  broken.  In  1911,  he  secured  dam- 
ages in  the  sum  of  $1,000,  of  which  all  but  $450  went  to  lawyers  and 
witnesses.  From  ^larch  1911  he  and  his  family  have  maintained  a 
small  fish  store  on  Atlantic  Avenue,  paying  $53.00  rent  per  month, 
and  doing  an  unsatisfactory  business. 

The  third  child  of  Rosario  and  Guiseppina  is  Concetta  (111,6), 
b.  1888,  a  fairly  strong  young  woman  of  medium  height,  brown  hair 
and  eyes,  fair  complexion,  and  regular  features  except  that  the  lower 
jaw  protrudes  somewhat.  She  is  industrious  and  particularly  neat  and 
increasingly  tasteful  in  the  care  and  decoration  of  her  rooms.  She 
suffered  in  1905  from  throat  trouble  and  "nervousness"  which  she  has 
since   overcome.      From   1902    until   her   marriage   in    1906    she   was 

employed  in  Gair's  box  factory.     She  married  Alfonso  A (III,  7), 

b.  1889  in  Cefalu.  He  is  large-bodied,  strong,  has  wavy  brown  hair 
and  brown  eyes  and  a  full  face ;  has  good  sexual  habits,  likes  music, 
is  socially  inclined  and  an  active  member  of  an  Italia-American 
political  club.     He  is  loyal  but  superstitious  and  lacking  in  initiative. 


THK    FaM1I.V-1  llSTOKY     Bt)OK.  49 

reflection  and  mental  force.  He  was  convicted,  in  1906,  for  taking  a 
sack  of  iron  rivets  from  tlie  yard  of  the  company  where  he  was 
employed.  A  month's  imprisonment  strengthened  a  naturally  good 
inclination,  or  served  as  an  efficient  deterrent,  but  he  is  still  liable  in 
some  things  to  "lose  his  head."  Suffers  from  hernia  and  has  periodical 
attacks  of  tonsilitis  probably  aggravated  by  the  poisonous  fumes  in  the 
paint  factory  where  he  has  been  employed  for  the  past  four  years. 
He  earns  $12.00  per  week  on  which  he  maintains  his  family,  paying 
$r-?.00  per  month  for  rent.  His  father,  Salvatore,  is  a  tall,  heavily- 
built,  gross-featured  man  with  large  hands,  and  curly  black  hair.  He 
ran  a  marionette  theatre  in  1901-3 ;  bears  a  bad  reputation  and  left  for 
Baltimore  in  1900,  under  charge  for  betrayal  of  girls,  both  in  Italy  and 
America.  His  wife  remained  in  Brooklyn,  living  with  a  married 
daughter.  The  children  of  Concetta  and  Alfonso  are:  Antoinette 
(IV,  1),  b.  1907,  heavy,  fair,  curly  brown  hair,  chestnut  eyes,  broad 
face  and  forehead.  Salvatore  (IV^2),  b.  1908,  of  stocky  build,  fair 
skin,  curly  flaxen  hair  and  broad  forehead;  infant,  b.  1909  and  died; 
Rosario  (IV,  *4),  b.  1911. 

The  fourth  child  of  Rosario  and  Guiseppina  is  John  (111,8),  b. 
1887,  who  came  to  America  with  his  father  in  1898.  He  is  tall,  with 
blue  eyes,  chestnut  hair,  light  complexion  and  of  neat  and  attractive 
appearance.  He  is  deficient  in  reflection,  resolution  and  mental  force. 
He  likes  reading  in  both  English  and  Italian,  and  plays  the  guitar. 
He  has  had  bad  sexual  habits  from  boyhood,  suffered  in  1903  from 
pleurisy,  nervous  trouble  and  lung  weakness,  but  recuperated  in  con- 
sequence of  a  summer  in  the  country.  Began  factory  work  in  1900, 
entered  Arbuckle's  sugar  house  in  1905,  and  worked  there  for  a  year. 
Then  was  attacked  by  pneumonia,  typhoid,  and  venereal  disease  and 
sent  to  Cumberland  Street  Hospital  where  valvular  disease  of  the 
heart  developed.  Returned  to  Italy  August,  1906,  where  he  lived  with 
his  oldest  sister  one  year.  Returning  to  Brooklyn,  1907.  he  first  re- 
entered the  factory,  but  as  he  suffered  from  persistent  heart  weakness 
and  venereal  trouble,  he  was  unable  to  continue  such  heavy  work,  and 
became  a  barber,  in  which  occupation  he  earns  five  to  seven  dollars  a 
week,  and  lives  in  a  rented  room  with  his  married  sister  whom  he  pays 
$2.25  per  month  rent.     He  was  arrested  1909  at  Waterbury,  Conn., 

charged  with  interfering  with  the  law  in  the  case  of  Guiseppi  A , 

who  was  working  the  "film-plan  game"  through  the  state.  After  3 
weeks  detention  he  was  discharged.  Became  an  American  citizen  in 
the  autumn  of  1910. 


50  EuGiiNics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

The  fifth  child  is  Vincenzina  (111,9),  b.  1891.  She  is  shght, 
straight,  under  five  feet  tall,  has  grey-brown  eyes,  brown  hair,  muddy 
complexion,  low  narrow  forehead,  high  cheek  bones,  narrow  face  and 
high  occiput ;  is  illiterate  and  cannot  write  her  name ;  has  an  irritable 
disposition  and  even  when  grown  up  would  tear  her  hair  and  cry  out 
on  slight  provocation ;  uses  bad  language.  When  13,  entered  Gair's 
box  factory  and  was  discharged  for  bad  language ;  worked  for  three 
months  in  a  private  family,  gaining  some  idea  of  neatness  in  personal 
habits  and  self-control ;  has  since  worked  in  various  places.  She  be- 
came engaged.  May  1909,  to  Guiseppa  A who  was  arrested  in 

Connecticut  1909,  as  stated  above,  and  sentenced  for  two  years.     In 

1910,  she  made  the  acquaintance  of  John  M and  in  January  1911 

secured  a  marriage  license  at  the  New  York  City  Hall.  This  she 
stated  she  regarded  as  a  legal  marriage,  and  lived  with  John  M.  for 
a  month  in  a  furnished  room  while  she  continued  to  work  in  a  factory 
for  $5.50  per  week.  J.  ]\I.  then  left  her  and  she  secured  a  warrant 
for  his  arrest  and  went  to  live  with  his  parents,  paying  them  $3.00 
per  week  board  from  her  earnings.  May  1,  J.  M.  returned  to  her 
and  threatened  her.  In  an  altercation,  May  12,  she  stabbed  him 
slightly,  was  arrested,  and  held  for  assault,  but  later  discharged ;  while 
John  was  arrested  charged  with  seduction  under  promise  of  marriage. 

The  sixth  child  is  Sabrino  (111,11),  b.  1893;  plump  and  short, 
with  dark  complexion,  black  eyes  and  hair,  full  face  and  attractive 
expression.  She  reads  and  writes  in  Italian;  worked  in  Gair's  box 
factory  from  her  thirteenth  year,  earning  $4.50  to  $7.00  per  week. 
In  1908,  she  became  engaged  to  Camillo  M.  (Ill,  12)  eloped  with  him 
in  the  summer  of  1909  and  married  him  shortly  after.  C.  M.  is  tall, 
brown-haired,  illiterate,  quick  and  attractive  in  manner  but  indisposed 
to  steady  work.  In  Alarch,  1910,  Sabrino  became  a  mother;  but  her 
child  died  a  month  later  and  she  underwent  an  operation  in  the 
Brooklyn  Hospital  and  remained  there  until  July.  She  has  since 
worked  in  the  factory  at  $7.00  per  week,  but,  owing  to  poor  health 
that  requires  a  doctor's  care,  she  employs  herself  at  home  making 
ostrich  feather  plumes,  at  which  she  earns  about  $8.00,  while  her 
husband,  who  works  on  the  railroad,  sends  her  monthly  or  semi- 
monthly remittances. 

The  seventh  child  is  Vincenzo  (III,  13),  b.  1894.  He  has  abundant 
brown  hair  and  chestnut  eves,  ruddy  complexion  and  low  forehead. 
Grew  rapidly,  and  at  fifteen,  reached  five  feet  ten.  Easy-going,  com- 
panionable, strong,  moderately  honest  and  of  cheerful  disposition  ;  he 


The  Family-History  Book.  51 

s^jambles  inordinately  and  saves  nothing";  attended  pul)lic  schools  ir- 
regularly three  or  four  years,  but  cannot  read  or  write.  Found  em- 
])loynient  without  working  papers,  IIJUU,  calling  himself  then  sixteen, 
at  the  Matchless  Mfg.  Co.,  1910,  for  four  months  and  gave  satisfac- 
tion. January,  1911,  handles  newspapers  and  works  thereafter  ir- 
regularly. 

The  eighth  child  is  Theresa  (111,14),  b.  1890  and  died  1898. 

The  ninth  child  is  Mary  (111,15),  b.  1899,  sHght  build,  brown 
hair  and  eyes,  fair  complexion  and  a  narrow  face ;  she  has  a  good 
disposition  and  is  always  ready  to  help  but  is  slightly  incapable  in 
performance ;  is  slow  at  school  but  is  passing  through  the  primer. 
At  her  mother's  death  she  was  sent  to  St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum, 

but  at  Christmas  time  was  taken  out  by  Alfonse  A to  live  with  a 

sister,  since  which  time  she  has  attended  school  irregularly.  She  learns 
little  at  housework,  but  runs  errands. 


VI.     RECORDS  OF  NEGRO- WHITE  GROSSES. 

It  is  desirable,  from  many  points  of  view,  to  study  the  question 
of  the  result  of  negro-white  crosses — a  question  over  which  so  much 
heat  has  been  raised.  Modern  studies  in  heredity  justify  the  conclusion 
that,  under  certain  circumstances,  negro-white  crosses  might  yield,  in 
the  second  and  third  generation,  some  persons  who  had  admirable 
combination  of  traits,  fit  to  take  their  place  with  the  best  of  Caucasian 
descent. 

To  test  the  conclusion,  studies  ha\-e  been  instituted  at  the  Eu- 
genics Record  Office  on  the  method  of  inheritance  of  skin  color  and 
some  other  facial  traits.  The  skin  color  was  measured  by  the  color  top 
(color  mixer,  made  by  the  Milton  Bradley  Co.,  Spring^eld,  Mass.), 
by  which  means  the  proportion  of  black  (N),  red  (R),  yellow  (Y), 
and  white  (W)  is  quantitatively  expressed.  The  sample  selected  is 
that  of  a  Jamaican  family:  The  two  grandparents  (Gen.  I)  of  whom 
something  is  known  are  mulattoes  or  approximately  so.  In  the  second 
generation  we  have  children  in  whose  skin  color  the  percentage  of 
black  varies  from  10  (practically  white)  to  47.  And  in  the  third 
generation  (descended  from  11,2  and  11,1)  it  varies  from  N  15  to 
N  40.  Thus,  some  of  the  children  and  grandchildren  have  practically 
white  skins. 


o2  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

A  FAMILY  HISTORY  OF  NEGRO-WHITE  CROSSES  FROM 

JAMAICA   (Fig.  9). 

BY  FI^ORENCE  H.  DAXIELSON. 

Both  Parents  of  Mixed  Blood;  the  Fraternity  Variable  in  Color. 

I.  1.  R.  B.,  son  of  a  mulatto  woman  and  the  son  of  a  white 
man  and  Madagascar  woman;  brown  eyes,  black  (almost  straight) 
hair,  skin  color:    N  15,  R  41,  Y  20,  W  24. 


O-tO 


I r       2  3  4  6  6  7  8 


"^  b  6  b  6 

12  3  4 

Fig.  9. 


I.  2.  D.  D.,  daughter  of  two  mulatto  parents;  hazel  or  grayish 
eyes,  hair  very  curly  and  dark  brown,  skin  color:  N  20,  R  45,  Y  16, 
W  19.  She  and  I,  1  have  nine  lawful  children  of  whom  7  are  described 
below  (II,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8). 

II.  2.  R.  B.,  hazel  eyes,  dark  brown  somewhat  curly  hair,  skin 
color:    N  11,  R  51,  Y  20,  W  18.     Married. 

II.  1.  R.  E.,  son  of  black  woman  and  a  quadroon  man.  Brown 
eyes  and  nearly  typical  negro  hair,  N  25,  R  37,  Y  20,  W  18.  They  have 
four  children:    III,  1,  2,  3,  4. 

III.  1.  G.  E.,  10  years;  dark  brown  eyes;  curly,  decidedly 
negroid  hair;  skin  color:    N  40,  R  40,  Y  10,  W  10. 

III.  2.  C.  E.,  8  years,  light  brow^n  eyes,  medium  brown  curly  or 
wavy  hair,  skin  color:    N  35,  R  36,  Y  15,  W  14. 

III.  3.  L.  E.,  41/4  years,  light  brown  or  hazel  eyes,  medium 
brown  curly  or  wavy  hair,  skin  color:   N  15,  R  51,  Y  18,  W  16. 

III.  4.  L.  E.,  2  years,  dark  brown  eyes  like  father ;  light  brown 
wavy  hair,  skin  color  like  III,  3. 

II.     3.     H.  B.,  at  Colon,  30  years,  dentist,  as  dark  as  II,  8. 

II.  4.  ^I.  B.,  at  Colon,  26  years;  not  quite  as  dark  as  II,  8,  but 
the  darkest  of  the  girls. 


The  Famii.v-History  Book.  53 

11.  5.  R.  B.,  24  years,  light  brown  or  hazel  eyes,  dark  brown 
very  curly  hair,  skin  color:    N  17,  R  44,  .Y  15,  W  24. 

II.  .  ().  P).  B.,  22  years,  medium  brown  eyes,  very  curly  medium 
brown  hair,  skin  a  little  tanned:    N  20,  R  45,  Y  18,  W  17. 

II.  7.  ]\I.  B.,  20  years;  gray  eyes;  dark  brown  hair,  very  curly; 
fairest  in  family,  skin  color:    N  10,  R  49,  Y  16,  W  25. 

II.  8.  L.  B.,  17  years,  light  brown  eyes,  almost  typical  hair; 
darkest  in  family,  skin:    X  47,  R  41,  Y  16,  W  16. 


VII.     RECORDS  OF  THE  FEEBLE-MINDED  AND  PAUPERS. 

a.      THE  FIELD  worker's  REPORT. 

An  important  part  of  the  investigations  of  our  field  workers  has 
been  tracing  the  family  history  of  the  feeble-minded,  including  paupers. 
To  the  inquiry,  who  are  the  feeble-minded?  the  only  answer  that  can 
be  given  is  that  they  are  the  socially  inadequate ;  who  lack  one  or  more 
traits  that  are  necessary  for  them  to  take  their  part  in  forwarding  the 
world's  work  under  the  conditions  of  competition  afforded  by  the 
society  in  which  they  live.  If  they  fail  in  their  part  they  become  private 
or  public  charges  or  a  social  menace. 

One  history  of  a  family  of  the  feeble-minded  from  a  rural  com- 
munity, is  given,  with  its  chart  (Fig.  10),  below. 

FAMILY  HISTORY  OF  EMMA  H. 

BY    H.    T.   REEVES. 

I.  1.  William  II,  feebleminded  (moron)  lived  in  a  little  log 
cabin  on  the  farm  belonging  to  the  father  of  ]Mrs.  Fannie  L  an  old 

lady  living  in Co..   X.  J.     He   was  sick   for  a  long  time 

before  he  died  and  was  "on  the  town." 

I.  2.  Annie  A,  wife  of  William,  no  data  obtainable  at  present. 
Children  of  William  H  and  Annie  A  were: 

II.  1.     John  H  who  never  married;  died  of  small  pox. 

II.  2.  Peter  H,  feebleminded,  who  married  Sarah  H.  Ill,  9. 
There  were  no  children  l)y  this  marriage. 

II.     3.     George,  was  not  bright,  stuttered.    Married  ]\Iary  D. 

II.  4.  Susan  H,  feebleminded,  married  Joseph  H  who  met  his 
death  accidentally  by  drowning.  Nothing  can  be  learned  of  the  cause 
of  Susan's  death. 


54 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


11.  5.  William  H,  feebleminded,  born  March  12,  1819,  died 
May  8,  1869,  of  tuberculosis. 

11.  6.  Jane  B,  born  July  23,  1822,  came  of  low  grade  family, 
living  in  the  mountains  near  F .  The  family  seems  to  have  dis- 
appeared. Jane  was  insane ;  the  trouble  seems  to  have  been  acute 
mania  according  to  description.  She  would  have  periodic  spells  of 
raving  and  finally  drowned  herself.  The  date  of  her  death  is  not  given 
in  the  family  Bible  and  no  one  whom  I  interviewed  could  enlighten  me. 

II.     7.     Sarah  B,  died  Jan.  31,  1850. 

II.  8.     Lydia  B,  died  March  4,  1848. 

III.  4.  David  H,  first  child  of  William  H  and  Jane  B,  born 
January  27,  1843.  This  old  man  is  decidedly  feebleminded  and  has 
been  ''on  the  town"  once  or  twice,  at  present  he  is  living  with  George 

B  at ,  N.  J.,  and  is  able  to  do  enough  work  about  the  farm 

to  pay  for  his  board  and  clothes.  David's  first  wife,  Euphemia  H  has 
been  dead  about  30  years.  He  married  his  second  wife,  Anna  Jane  B, 
Jan.  14,  1909.  This  woman  is  very  defective,  was  the  widow  of  a  man 
by  the  name  of  W ,  by  whom  she  had  three  children:  Jennie,  born 


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Fig.  10. 

September  9,  1887;  Joseph,  born  Jan.  7,  1890;  and  Robert  W , 

born  August  29,  1893. 

David   had  three   brothers   and    sisters:     111,1,    Catherine   Ann, 
feebleminded,  who  married  William  W  of  C.     She  had  two  children, 


TiiK  Famiuv-1  IisTokv   Book.  55 

one  died  in  infancy  of  measles,  the  mother  dying  at  nearly  the  same 
time  from  this  disease.  The  other  child,  Mary  Ann,  born  Oct.  21,  18GI) 
was  a  very  tiny  infant  when  her  mother  died,  but  lived  to  grow  up. 
She  married  a  laborer  by  the  name  of  James  H  and  has  had  eighteen 
children,  of  whom  13  have  lived  so  far.  Mary  Ann's  step-mother 
declared  all  the  children  were  bright  with  the  exception  of  Nellie  F, 
\'  4.  who  went  to  school  for  thirteen  years  and  could  never  learn  to 
reatl  or  write.  Nellie  is  married  to  a  man  by  the  name  of  H  and  is 
living  out  in  the  country  somewhere.  I  tried  to  find  the  H  family — 
they  are  living  in  P .  but  as  yet  have  not  located  them. 

III.     2.     Is  John   H,  born  April  18,  1853,  the  youngest  of  this 
family.    His  mentality  is  better  by  far  than  that  of  his  brother,  David. 

He  and  his  family  live  at  A .     Interviewed  them  at  suppertime. 

They  did  not  seem  to  be  at  all  perturbed  by  my  apparently  inopportune 
visit.  John  does  not  appear  to  be  feebleminded.  So  far  all  information 
I  have  been  able  to  get  concerning  him  has  been  to  the  effect  that  he 
is  "all  right."  His  two  daughters  are  bright  girls,  both  of  them  are 
working  at  present  in  a  shirt  factory  in  the  neighborhood.  The  opin- 
ions concerning  John's  wife  all  agree  that  "she  isn't  what  she  ought  to 
be,  and  leads  a  bad  life  most  of  the  time."  She  is  a  large,  fine-looking 
woman,  with  a  hard-featured  and  decidedly  sensual  face.  She  often 
has  deserted  John  and  lived  for  varying  lengths  of  time  with  other 
men.  but  John  has  always  taken  her  back  when  she  has  returned  from 
these  expeditions,  thereby  showing  much  patience  or  much  indift'erence 
— it  is  difficult  to  tell  which. 

HI.     3.     Is  George  H,  born  December  21,  1846.     He  died  when 
he  was  a  small  boy. 

As  has  been  stated,  David  III,  4  married  Euphemia  H  who  comes 

of  low  stock.     ]\Irs.  L  of  N G told  me  much  concerning  her 

pedigree :     The  earliest  known  ancestor  was  Henry  H,  who  came  of 

good    family.     The   H 's   of   the   present   day   are   normal,    wcU- 

respected  persons  of  affairs  in  the  community.     Henry  married  Old  Sal 

I,  4  who  came  of  a  tribe  of  mountaineers  called  B.    Whether  this  was 

a  surname  or  nickname  the  old  people  of  N G would  not  tell 

me.  After  Henry's  death,  Old  Sal  who  was  feebleminded  lived  with  a 
negro  by  the  name  of  P.     By  him  she  had  two  halfbreed  sons.  Coon 

II,  11  and  Jack  II,  12.  These  two  boys  were  the  terror  of  the  neighbor- 
hood on  account  of  their  criminalistic  tendencies,  and  both  served  terms 
in  state's  prison.  H  H  and  S  B  had  one  son  who  was  deficient,  Peter 
11,9.    He  married  Kate  G,  who  was  also  feebleminded  and  a  sex  pervert 


56  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

as  well.  Their  children  were  of  varying  degrees  of  deficiency  as 
follows : 

III.  6.  William  Henry,  feebleminded,  very  little  is  known  of 
this  man  as  he  died  years  ago.     It  is  supposed  that  he  never  married. 

III.  T.  Elisha,  very  deficient  indeed;  he  never  married  but  was 
the  father  of  a  child  born  to  his  sister  Kate  Ann,  III,  8,  who  was  also 
of  extremely  low^  mental  grade.  It  is  just  possible  that  the  existence 
of  this  child  may  be  traced.  It  was  born  in  the  H county  poor- 
house  about  thirty  years  ago. 

III.     9.     Sarah  who  married  Peter  H. 

III.     10.     Susan,  feebleminded,  who  never  married. 

III.  11.  Jesse  who  was  "lacking"  but  who  had  sense  enough  to 
steal  his  sister  Euphemia's  savings  and  decamp.  He  is  supposed  to  be 
still  living  somewhere  in  the  middle  West. 

Hi.  5.  Euphemia  was  next  to  the  youngest.  She  was  not  very 
feebleminded,  but  was  decidedly  a  "little  off."  She  never  could  learn 
to  count,  even  though  Mrs.  L's  children  tried  hard  to  teach  her.  She 
was  in  the  home  of  Mrs.  E  for  about  seven  years  and  married  David 
H,  August  30,  1868.  Her  first  child  IV,  5  William  is  feehlcminded, 
and  has  the  reputation  of  being  the  village  fool.     (b.  Oct.  9,  1869.) 

IV.  6.  Charles  E,  born  Xov.  26,  1871.  This  man  is  said  to  be 
"all  right"  by  those  who  have  known  him  all  his  life.  He  is  a  pleasant 
looking  man,  vigorous  and  does  not  show  any  stigmata  of  anv  sort. 
He  is  extremely  shiftless  and  lazy,  how^ever,  is  a  tenant  farmer  but  all 
the  buildings  and  implements  about  the  little  farm  he  has  rented 
showed  neglect.  There  is  nothing  about  his  appearance  that  reminds 
one  at  all  of  his  father,  "Old  Dave" ;  it  is  quite  possible  considering 
the  loose  morals  of  his  mother  who  "went  after  the  men"  that  his 
parentage  is  not  what  it  is  supposed  to  be.  At  all  events  he  is  a  border- 
line case  undoubtedly,  as  is  also  his  wife,  Rose  C,  a  cheerful,  loquacious 
person  who  was  ready  to  show  off  her  brood  of  nine  dirty,  noisy,  ill- 
kept  children.  The  oldest  child  is  12  years  old.  It  will  take  some  time 
before  their  mentalitv  can  be  determnied,  but  I  learned  their  names 
and  ages. 

George,  was  away  at  w'ork ;  b.  1899. 

Stella,  also  away  at  w^ork,  b.  1900. 

Mildred,  b.  1903. 

Florence,  b.  1904. 

Irene,  b.  1906. 

Rilly,  Irene's  tv/in  sister. 


V. 

19. 

V. 

20. 

V. 

21. 

V. 

22. 

V. 

23. 

V. 

24. 

The   Famha'-Historv   Book.  57 

V.     25.     John.  b.  lOOr. 

\'.     20.     Wilhelmina,  b.  IDOl). 

\'.     27.     Ruth,  b.  1910. 

Going  back  to  the  fourth  generation,  IV,  7  is  Jane,  who  died  at 
the  age  of  two  years,  and  I\',  8  is  Alva  L,  who  died  in  infancy.  IV,  9 
is  Emma  who  is  at  the  State  Institution  in  Vineland.  She  was  born 
Dec.  18,  1879.  Has  proved  to  be  a  trainable  case.  Helps  in  the  dining 
roon],  is  a  member  of  the  gymnasium  class,  etc. 

I\'.  lU.  Is  Ben,  who  has  not  yet  been  interviewed.  He  was 
born  Oct.  2,  1881,  and  has  so  many  pecularities  of  temper  he  may  be 
justly  classed  with  his  feebleminded  brothers  and  sisters.  He  is  of  a 
wandering  disposition  and  finds  it  hard  to  stick  to  one  job  for  any 
length  of  time.  In  1906  he  married  Minnie  B  and  is  living  with  his 
three  small  children  somewhere  near  C. 

Annie,  the  youngest  child  of  David  and  Euphemia  was  born 
March  15,  1886.  She  is  another  borderline  case;  is  quite  pretty  and 
shows  no  noticeable  defect  though  she  is  reported  to  be  rather  "soft 
and  silly  and  not  very  bright."  She  married  Charles  H,  a  normal  man 
and  has  seven  children  who  offered  a  pleasing  contrast  to  those  of 
Elwood  and  Rose,  even  though  they  were  almost  as  dirty  and  neglected 

John  Sharp  AI  H,  b.  June  14,  1901. 

:\Iarion  M,  b.  June  8,  1902. 

Charles,  b.  Oct.  30,  1903. 

Raymond,  b.  Nov.  8,  1905. 

Walter,  b.  Feb.  3,  1907. 

Roy,  b.  April  19,  1908. 

Elizabeth,  b.  Feb.  23,  1911. 
Charles  H,  IV,  12,  comes  of  good  parentage,  his  father  is  William 
H  who  has  been  blind  for  fifteen  years,  his  mother  I\',  13  was  Mary  B 
who  is  perfectly  normal  as  far  as  the  character  of  feeblemindedness 
is  concerned  and  comes  of  normal  stock. 

I\'.     12.     William  H,  is  related  distantly. 

b.      DESCRIPTION   OF   A   FAMILY   OF   THE   FEEBLE-MINDED. 

A  fragment  to  illustrate  the  style  of  description  suitable  for 
publication. 

This  fragment  is  of  the  Xam  family,  of  which  over  800  persons 
are  known,  and  have  been  analyzed  (Fig.  10). 


looking. 

V. 

31. 

A'. 

32. 

V. 

33. 

V. 

34. 

V. 

35. 

V. 

36. 

V. 

37. 

I 


rO' 


■U 


The  Family-History   Book.  59 

THE  NAM  FAMILY. 
(CoinpUcd  from  Data  Gathered  by  Dr.  A.  H.  Bstabrook.) 

From  I,  1   were  derived  two  sons  and  a  daughter   (II,  1,  3,  4). 

One  son  (II,  1),  an  incapable  pauper,  broke  into  a  store  in  F ,  for 

which  he  served  a  term  in  state's  prison.  The  other  son  (11,3)  was 
an  indigent  woodsman.  The  daughter  (11,4)  was  chaste,  self- 
esteeming,  civil  and  neat;  she  died  in  1865  of  old  age. 

II.  1  married  an  unambitious,  alcoholic  and  doubtless  deficient 
woman  and  had  by  her  three  children.  Of  these,  III,  1,  was  lazy  and 
alcoholic.  He  got  a  pension  as  an  ex-soldier  in  the  Civil  War,  and  was 
a  pauper  receiving  out-door  aid ;  died  of  cerebral  hemorrhages.  He 
married  III,  2,  licentious  in  youth  and  alcoholic,  who  bore  him  eight 
children  (IV,  2,  3,  6,  8,  10,  11,  13,  15)  all  of  Nam  Hollow.  The  first, 
IV,  2,  was  a  suspicious,  causationless,  alcoholic  harlot  who  married  a 
cousin  (R^,  1),  a  slow,  unambitious,  honest,  chaste,  illiterate  man, 
equipped  with  a  good  memory  but  of  no  initiative  or  reasoning  power ; 
a  pauper  living  in  a  shack  in  Nam  Hollow ;  a  man  derived  from  an 
honest  father  but  slattern  mother,  and  of  low  stock.  She,  IV,  2,  died 
in  1907  of  pleuropneumonia.  The  progeny,  which  will  be  described 
under  Line  E  were  all  typical  Nams,  indolent  and  unable  to  learn  at 
school,  the  men  alcoholic  and  the  women  harlots. 

The  next,  IV,  3,  was  an  indolent,  inefficient,  alcoholic,  illiterate 
man,  who  lived  in  N.  H.  successively  with  2  women;  had  three  children, 
and  died  in  1903  of  dropsy.  He  had  by  IV,  4,  a  harlot  who  died  of 
tuberculosis  in  1893,  two  children,  V,  1,  of  whom  the  latter  died  young. 
Their  mother's  fraternity,  of  Canadian  origin,  was  not  without  me- 
chanical ability,  but  full  of  licentiousness.  The  son.  V,  1,  though 
licentious,  showed  the  influence  of  the  outside  blood  in  his  ambition, 
temperance,  and  pride  in  his  personal  appearance.  The  other  woman, 
IV,  5.  was  a  cousin,  incapable  of  learning,  indolent,  alcoholic,  and  a 
harlot.  She  was  in  the  House  of  Refuge  for  Women,  w^here  her  child 
was  born,  in  a  number  of  other  correctional  institutions,  in  various 
houses  of  prostitution ;  cohabited  with  an  Italian  in  New  York,  where 
she  contracted  syphilis,  and  died  in  1908  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 
This  belongs  to  one  of  the  worst  strains  of  the  Nams,  which  we  shall 
consider  later.  The  ten-year  old  son  of  this  pair,  V,  47,  is  a  stubborn, 
uncontrollable  mischief-maker  who  ran  away  from  the  orphan  asylum 
where  he  had  been  placed.  The  next  member  of  the  Nam  fraternity, 
rV,  Tv,  is  active,  industrious,   ingenious,   somewhat   ambitious   but   an 


60  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

alcoholic  man  who  married  his  cousin,  IV,  7,  a  woman  whose  sense 
of  causation  is  absent,  has  hysteria,  is  called  "crazy,"  and  has  received 
temporary  aid  during  four  years,  and  has  lived  in  the  county  house 
almost  continuously  from  1894  to  1902.  Died,  1905,  of  pleurisy.  Her 
fraternity  shows  typical  Nam  laziness,  together  with  much  taciturnity. 
From  this  pair  came  six  offspring,  of  which  two  died  soon  after  birth. 
The  eldest  son,  V,  4,  was  lazy  and  unambitious,  disorderly  when  intoxi- 
cated, and  has  cohabited  with  his  equally  disorderly  and  alcoholic 
sister  and  has  had  by  her  two  children,  who  were  both  destroyed  by 
the  mother  at  birth.  There  remains  a  Nam-like,  alcoholic  son,  V,  6, 
who  works  rather  steadily  at  wood-chopping.  He  has  cohabited  for 
the  past  seven  years  with  his  cousin,  V,  7,  an  active,  talkative  but 
mentally  retarded  girl,  with  complex  sex  relations.  Of  their  four 
children,  all  born  in  Nam  Hollow,  one  died  at  six  months,  the  others 
(6  to  3  years  old)  are  shy  and  slow.     We  come  now  to: 

I^^  8  with  the  slow,  unambitious,  quiet  traits  of  most  Nams. 
Though  alcoholic,  he  is  a  good  worker  and  with  the  help  of  his  son, 
IV,  19,  has  recently  completed  a  new  house.  He  married  a  cousin, 
IV,  9,  (sister  of  7,  described  a  few  lines  above;  slow,  listless,  shy, 
taciturn,  unambitious,  illiterate,  eccentric,  like  her  sister  at  times)  and 
had  by  her  nine  children  of  whom  5  died  young.  The  first,  V,  14,  b. 
1879,  has  some  of  the  best  traits  of  this  line;  active,  industrious,  neat, 
orderly,  she  has  the  impulse  to  do  well  and  lives  in  much  better  cir- 
cumstances than  others  in  the  Hollow.  By  V,  13,  an  indolent,  unambi- 
tious, alcoholic,  licentious  man  w'ho  later  deserted  her,  and  served  a 
prison  term  for  non-support,  she  had  three  children,  of  whom  one  girl 
has  the  mental  and  moral  traits  of  her  mother ;  the  other  girl  at  13  is 
feebleminded,  licentious  and  intemperate,  while  the  8  year  old  boy  is 
lagging,  careless  and  always  in  mischief,  and  runs  away  from  home. 
The  second  of  the  fraternity  (V,  15,  b.  1885)  is  indolent  and  un- 
ambitious, did  poorly  at  school  is  mildly  intemperate  and  licentious 
at  times.  Married  a  cousin.  The  next,  V,  17,  b.  1887,  is  a  Nam-Hke 
alcoholic,  licentious  male ;  a  stammerer  and  a  fitful  worker ;  he  recently 
married  a  feebleminded  cousin.  Finally,  V,  19  is  an  active,  industrious, 
thrifty,  temperate  and  somewhat  chaste  young  man  who  owns  a  pair 
of  horses  and  helped  his  father  build  a  house. 

To  go  back  a  generation,  we  come  next  to  IV,  10,  b.  1860,  lazy, 
died  of  tuberculosis,  1880.  Then  comes  IV,  11,  a  Nam-like  male, 
alcoholic  and  formerly  licentious,  married  to  a  cousin  IV,  12,  who  is 
active,  industrious,  unambitious  and  irascible,  does  house  work  and 


The  Famh.v-IIistuky   Book.  G1 

earns  all.  that  is  brought  into  the  family ;  a  harlot  and  alcoholic.     Lives 

in  poverty  in  a  hovel  near  A .    Of  nine  children,  seven  (V,  20-2GJ 

survive.  We  have  now  by  inbreeding  defectives  reached  nearly  a 
pure  tvpe.  The  six  sons  are  practically  all  alike  in  showing  the  typical 
Nam  traits,  including  alcoholism  and  (with  possibly  two  exceptions) 
licentiousness.  The  only  daughter,  b.  1887,  is  feebleminded,  has  com- 
mitted incest  with  her  brothers,  and  has  an  illegitimate  daughter,  5 
years  old,  slow  and  bashful.  Next  comes  IV,  13,  b.  1850,  an  indus- 
trious, ingenious  man  of  irascible  temper  and  considerable  mechanical 
ability,  though  with  little  ambition.  Always  poor,  he  had  8  children 
by  three  women,  and  died  in  1901  of  pneumonia.  He  first  married  his 
cousin,  IV,  14j  an  indolent,  indigent  harlot,  who  died  1887,  of  uterine 
liemorrhage.  She  belongs  to  a  large  fraternity  of  Line  E,  of  whom 
the  majority  are  slow,  unindustrious  and  licentious,  although  there  are 
striking  exceptions.  Of  their  four  children  the  first  is  slow,  deficient 
in  causation,  illiterate ;  lives  in  poverty  and  squalor,  taking  in  washing 
for  a  living.  She  married,  but  soon  left  him  to  marry  her  cousin, 
V,  27,  a  feebleminded,  licentious  drunkard,  of  a  licentious  strain. 
She  has  3  miscarriages  and  three  sons  (b.  1885  and  1890)  all  unambi- 
tious, alcoholic  and  licentious,  and  all  living  in  poverty  at  I.  The  next 
child  is  V,  29.  He  gets  industry,  ingenuousness  and  mechanical  ability 
from  his  father's  side  ^( or  both  sides)  of  the  house.  His  marital  rela- 
tions are  complicated.  He  married  his  cousin,  V,  30,  (as  described) 
to  legitimatize  her  feebleminded  daughter;  then  left  her  and  married 
\\  31  by  whom  he  had  -l  children  (VI,  18-21)  ;  then  abandoned  her, 
went  to  the  western  part  of  the  state  and  there  cohabited  with  his 
stepmother,  \',  32  and  had  an  illegitimate  child  by  her  in  1911.  His 
principal  wife,  (V,  31),  was  active,  busy,  orderly,  neat,  good-natured, 
neither  loquacious  nor  taciturn,  but  a  harlot.  Besides  V,  29,  she  has 
lived  with  VI,  303,  and  has  had  an  illegitimate  child  besides ;  is  now 
tubercular;  lives  in  New  York.  Of  their  four  children,  3  died  in  in- 
fancy of  alimentary  diseases.  The  13  year  old  son  is  doing  fair  work 
in  school,  is  taciturn  and  unambitious.  His  sex  instincts  have  not  yet 
broken  into  flame.  V,  33  has  also  mechanical  ability  but  lack  of  train- 
ing.    He  is  quiet,  shy,  taciturn  and  licentious;  works  on  a  farm  in 

B .    V,  35  is  industrious  and  fairly  capable  in  housework.     Married 

at  1(3  and  had  8  children,  of  whom  5   died  in  infancy  and  two  are 
feebleminded;  the  other  is  an  infant. 

Finally,  IV,  15,  is  a  steady  but  unambitious  worker,  a  Civil  War 
veteran,  who  was  always  poor,  married  a  cousin,  IV,  16,  and  died  1881, 


62  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

of  cancer  of  the  stomach.  She  was  slow,  careless,  indififerent,  sub- 
missive, causationless,  unambitious,  without  initiative,  and  alcoholic. 
She  had  8  children  (VI,  133-40)  by  IV,  15,  and  one  by  IV,  13,  which 
latter  was  Nam-like,  alcoholic  and  licentious.  IV,  16  is  still  living  in 
Nam  Hollow  on  a  widow's  pension  of  $12  monthly,  town  aid,  and 
basketmaking.  Of  the  children,  V,  45  died  at  2  days  and  V,  46  at  3 
weeks.  Y,  37,  b.  1870,  N.  H.,  is  slow,  lazy,  disorderly,  alcoholic, 
entirely  lacking  in  causation,  licentious  in  youth,  deaf.  Does  washing 
and  basketmaking,  and  lives  in  squalor  in  a  hovel.  She  married  V,  36, 
a  quick,  industrious,  dishonest,  untruthful,  alcoholic  and  licentious  man 
who  is  careful  in  his  work,  but  careless  in  other  things.  His  fraternity 
carries  a  history  of  licentiousness.  One  of  them,  IV,  4,  we  have 
already  become  acquainted  with  as  the  consort  of  IV,  3.  Of  their  12 
children,  three  died  early  (still-born),  two  are  still  young.  Of  the 
remaining  seven,  two  boys  are  capable  of  learning  and  are,  so  far, 
chaste ;  two  boys  are  Nam-like,  alcoholic,  licentious,  feebleminded  and 
vone  of  them  married  his  cousin  in  1911;  one  boy  of  10  years  is  an 
apathetic  idiot,  can  neither  talk  nor  walk,  being  ataxic.  He  has  had 
several  epileptic  seizures  since  he  was  one  year  old,  and  needs  institu- 
tion care.  The  elder  girl  is  a  feebleminded  Nam,  has  had  an  illegiti- 
mate child,  and  has  since  married  the  father.  The  younger  girl,  b. 
1888  in  N.  H.,  is  of  special  interest,  for,  when  ygung,  she  was  adopted 
and  reared  by  a  good  family  in  B.  She  could  not  advance  at  school, 
and  is  lazy  and  shiftless,  though  chaste.  When  away  in  Vermont 
where  she  now  lives,  married  though  childless,  she  dresses  neatly ;  but 
when  in  N.  H.  she  reverts  to  old  slack  and  slovenly  ways ;  such  is  the 
influence  of  an  improved  environment. 


VIII.     RECORDS  OF  EPILEPSY. 

The  studies  that  have  been  made  upon  epilepsy  indicate  that  there 
is  usually,  if  not  always,  an  hereditary  weakness  or  tendency  to  the 
disease.  The  symptoms  consist  of  a  disturbance  of  movements  and 
unconsciousness,  of  which  the  commonest  forms  are  violent  or  slight 
loss  of  coordination  in  either  general  movements  or  special  muscles. 
In  psychic  epilepsy  there  is  merely  a  loss  of  consciousness  usually 
lasting  a  few  seconds. 

The  conditions  besides  convulsions  and  loss  of  consciousness  which 
should  be  carefully  noted  are :  insanity,  in  different  forms,  migraine, 
hysteria,  chorea,  fainting  spells,  alcoholism,  syphilis  and  tuberculosis. 


The  Famiuy-History   Book. 


63 


In  inquiring-  as  to  inciting  causes  or  incidental  phenomena,  ask 
about  maturity  at  birth  and  the  nature  of  the  mother's  labor ;  spasms 
in  infancy;  teething;  injuries  to  head  or  spine;  and  about  acute  in- 
fectious fevers  of  childhood. 

STUDY   OF   AN   EPILEPTIC    FAMILY    (Fig.    12). 

In  a  little  wooden  shack,  on  a  mountain  side  in  Northern  New 
Jersey,  with  little  furniture  and  that  of  the  poorest  sort,  lived,  some 

1         Ora  OrO 


1— J      .    12 


r  a  i 


6,  6Mi>=fi'  6  6 

**=*p-V^  3  6  7  8 

4 


IV 


2  4 


^6 


5  '6 


6  7  11 

Fig.  13. 


years  ago,  a  man  and  his  wife.  The  man,  II,  6,  who  belonged  to  old 
Jersey  stock,  was  shiftless  and  not  infrequently  lived  for  a  time  in 
the  poorhouse.  He  was,  moreover,  a  laudanum  fiend  and  is  said  to 
have  consumed  it  in  large  quantities ;  and  he  finally  died  of  tuberculosis. 
One  of  his  sisters,  II,  9,  was  a  harlot  and  had  at  least  three  illegitimate 
children  who  grew  up.  Nothing  is  known  about  his  parents  except 
that  his  father  is  said  to  have  been  "queer.''  His  wife  (11,3),  who 
still  survives,  is  one  of  three  children,  of  whom  one  died  in  youth, 
and  the  other  is  unknown.  She,  herself,  is  without  industry  or  order- 
liness ;  clearly  mentally  defective.  She  is  also  an  epileptic  and  has 
fainting  spells  which  she  feels  coming  on,  then  screams  and  faints 
away.  This  couple  had  seven  children;  concerning  three  there  is  little 
definite  information.  Of  the  four  others  the  eldest,  a  girl,  (111,10, 
b.  187G),  is  feebleminded  and  epileptic.  She  married  a  lazy,  shiftless, 
alcoholic  fellow,  111,11,  who  has  deserted  his  wife  and  three  young 
children.  The  next  girl,  (III,  14,  b.  at  L.  1870),  about  whom  something 
is  known  is  likewise  feebleminded  and,  after  living  for  a  time  in  the 
poorhouse  was  ''placed  out,"  but  where  she  is  not  even  her  mother 
knows.  At  least  one  of  those  with  whom  she  was  placed  sent  her 
])ack  to  the  poorhouse.    The  elder  boy,  (III,  15,  b.  at  \',  1892),  had 


64  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

convulsions  shortly  before  the  age  of  puberty;  was  "placed  out"  for 
a  time  and  has  now  found  his  way  to  a  School  for  Feebleminded 
Children.  The  younger  boy,  b.  1894,  began  to  have  convulsions  when 
six  years  old  and  he  has  now  found  his  proper  place  at  the  Skillman 
Village  for  Epileptics.. 

IX.     RECORDS  OF  THE  INSANE. 

Hospitals  for  the  Insane  are  aware  that  their  Family  Histories 
are  quite  inadequate — or  even  false.  Careful  inquiries  made  of  the 
families  at  home  reveal  an  unexpected  abundance  of  mental  weakness 
and  aberration. 

The  following  "Guide  to  Analysis  of  Personality"  has  been  drawn 
up  by  Dr.  Amsden  and  by  Dr.  August  Hoch,  Director  of  the  State 
Psychiatric  Institute  at  Ward's  Island,  X.  Y.  It  will  be  found  us'eful 
by  the  field  worker  in  pursuit  of  her  investigations. 

a.     GUIDE  TO  ANALYSIS  OF  PERSONALITY: 
drs.  geo.  s.  amsdex  and  alxust  hoch. 

(1)  Intellectual  Ability 

Ability  to  learn ;  how  hard   did  patient  have   to   work   in 

school?     Teachers'  statements  and  school  reports. 
How  capable  in  positions 
^Memory 

Fund  of  information 
Power  of  concentration 
Power  of  observation 

(2)  Output  of  Energy  in  Work  and  Play 

Lively,  active,  pushing 
Sluggish,  inactive,  lazy 
Talkative 
Quiet 

(3)  Habits  of  Activity 

Systematic,  orderly,  punctual,  definiteness  of  purpose 

Desultory 

Demand  for  precision,  consistency 

Efficiency — how  responsibility  is  carried 

Practical  or  not 


TiiE  Famiuy-Histoky   Book.  (J5 

(4)  Moral  Standards 

Trutli fulness,    honesty,    conscientiousness,   or    tendency    to 
shirk 

(5)  General  Cast  of  Mood 

Stable,  variable 

Superficial,  deep 

Cheerful,  optimistic,  sense  of  humor 

Depressive,  despondent,  anxious,  crying  easily*  moody,  with 

samples  of  what  kind  of  things  caused  worry. 
Irritable  temper 
Indifferent,  placid,  phlegmatic 

(6)  Attitude  Towards  Self 

Conceit 

Ability,  or  inability  to  see  mistakes 

Feeling  different  from  others 

Self-depreciation 

Self -consciousness 

Scruples 

(7)  Attitude  Towards  Others 

Sympathetic,  kindhearted,  aft'ectionate 

Generous 

Selfish 

How  does  he  feel  the  world  treats  him? 

Suspicious 

Jealous 

Sensitive — what  about? 

Resentful,  forgiving    — Topics 

Irritability,  temper       — Topics 

Forward 

Bashful 

What  did  other  children  think  of  him? 

Liked  or  disliked  by  others 

(S)     Reaction  to  Attitude  Towards  Self  and  Others 

Frankness     — Does   informant  know  patient's   inner  life? 

Demonstrative 

Tendency  to  unburden 

Reticence 

Tendency  to  seclusiveness 

Brooding    — Topics 


QQ  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

Fault  finding 

Reaction  to  sensitiveness,  jealousy  and  suspiciousness 

Demand  for  sympathy 

How  are  disappointments  taken? 

(9)     Self  Assertion 

How  much  efifort  does  the  patient  habitually  make  to  shape 

things  or  does  he  allow  himself  to  be  carried  along? 
^dependent  or  dependent  on  opinion  of  others 
Leader  or  led 
How  manage  difficulties? 
Ambitious 
Plucky 

(10)  Adaptability 

How  obedient? 

Ability  to  get  along  with  other  children  (natural  play),  or 

with  people  in  older  years 
Sociable 

Did  patient  make  friends,  get  readily  acquainted? 
Ability  to  take  advice 
Stubborn 
Opinionated 

(11)  Position  Towards  Reality 

Did  patient  take  things  as  they  are? 

Phantastic 

Day  dreaming 

(12)  Sexual  Sphere 

How  much  occupied  with  question 

In  awe  of  it,  or  afraid  of  it,  or  how  was  patient's  attitude 

towards  it? 
Frank  or  especially  secretive  about  it 
Bashful  in  presence  of  other  sex,  or  forward 
Longings 

Reaction  to  sexual  desires 
Prudishness 

(13)  Balancing  Factors 

Religion,  interests 

How  much  satisfaction  does  patient  get  from  what  he  does? 

Ideals 


The  Familv-IIistory  Book.  67 

TABLE  OF  FORMS  OF  INSANITY. 

(The  foUoziing  terms  should  not  be  used  to  replace  description.) 

I     Organic 

(Accompanying  syphilis) 

1.  General  paralysis — paresis 

2.  Brain  syphilis 

(Accompanying  alcohol) 

3.  Delirium  tremens 

4.  x\lcoholic  dementia — chronic  alcoholic  psychoses 

( Accompanying  arterio-sclerosis ) 

0.  Arteriosclerotic  insanity 

6.  Dementia  paralytica 

(Accompanying  the  general  deterioration  of  old  age) 

7.  Senile  dementia 

II     Functional 

1.  jNIanic-depressive  insanity 

hypermania 
recurrent  mania 
melancholia 
involutional  psychoses 
puerperal  psychoses 

2.  Dementia  praecox 

3.  Paranoid  states  (usually  combined  with  1  or  2) 

Equivalents:  Disturbed  emotional  states;  e.  g.  excessive  anger, 
fear,  secretiveness,  suspicion,  jealousy,  piety,  hilarity,  general  irrita- 
bility, obstinacy,  cruelty,  egotism. 

Periodic  mental  disturbances:  sick  headaches  (migraine),  fugue, 
dipsomania  (sprees). 

Note  if  states  are  recurrent  or  progressive. 

b.     RECORD  OF  THE  C FAMILY,  WITH  .MUCH 

INSANITY    (Fig.  13). 

BY  RUTH  S    MOXCEV. 

I.     1.     James  D.  C .  born  in  M ,  Oct.  10,  1804,  died  of 

insanity,  Apr.  20,  18G4.     He  was  a  conscientious  man,  inclined  to  be 
hyper-religious,  but  not  so  severely  as  to  let  religion  interfere   with 


68 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


Di-O 

1  2 


"    '^ 


5 


D 


ij   I  I  k   _10    U     18     13     14   15   16 
8246 


7       8 


12       3       4       6    \\j      7       8        9      10      11         12 
3  c-  > 

8291 

Fig.  13. 


his  activity  and  daily  work.  On  Sundays  his  religious  demonstration 

was  so  violent  that  the  young  people  of  M were  said  frequently 

to  attend  church  from  curiosity  to  see  what  he  would  do.  ''One  time 
he  burst  the  pew  door  open  and  sprang  suddenly  into  the  aisle ; 
he  was  always  making  himself  noticeable  for  the  way  in  which 
he  'got  religion.'  "     He  was  also  a  week-day  curiosity,  though  no  one 

has  said  why.    By  telling  of  some  "graft"  connected  with  the  M 

poor-farm  that  had  come  to  his  knowledge,  he  incurred  the  anger  of 
an  overseer  who  was  probably  reaping  some  benefit  from  the  graft. 
When  the  latter  heard  that  James   had   exposed  the  afifair   publicly 

on  ]\I wharves  where  he  often  went  fishing,  he  called  at  James' 

house  and  threatened  him  for  having  told.  James  was  much  agitated, 
and  worried  so  much  over  the  matter  that  he  finally  went  to  bed  ill. 
He  soon  went  violently  insane,  and  died  in  the  course  of  a  week. 

I.     2.     On  Nov.  29,  1827,  he  had  married  Susan  R ,  also  born 

in  M .     She  was  also  insane  upon  religion.     She  had  melancholia, 

and  feared  that  she  might  not  be  good  enough  to  go  to  Heaven  when 
she  died ;  she  often  cried  and  moaned  over  this.  Mental  trouble  came 
on  so  gradually  that  some  did  not  consider  it  as  such  until  the  last 
four  or  five  years  of  her  life ;  but  all  agree  that  she  was  unduly  con- 
cerned about  her  life,  and  worried  over  little  or  nothing  for  a  period 

of  ten  or  twelve  years  before  her  death,  on  Jan.  1891  in  ^l .     She 

had  eleven  children : 


The  Family-History  Book.  69 

IT.     1.     James  D.  C ,  b.  Feb.  20,  1821),  in  M ,  married 

Hannah  T ,  also  of  M .   There  were  no  children.    The  wife  is 

still  livini^^.  but  as  she  has  had  several  paralytic  shocks,  she  is  unal^le 
to  give  any  information.  James  D.  is  said  to  be  a  very  rigid  old- 
fashioned  Baptist.  Relatives  say  that  he  was  subject  to  religious 
melancholia,  similar  to,  tho  less  intense  than,  that  of  his  mother.  He 
was  a  shoemaker,  but  he  sat  and  dreamed  over  his  work.  "He  held  a 
shoe  in  one  hand,  and  in  the  other  he  held  a  Bible  instead  of  the 
necessary  hammer."  He  was  never  an  active  man,  but  was  not  as 
"gone  on  religion"  as  was  his  father.  He  died  in  Salem  Hospital 
Apr.  2T,  1904,  of  exhaustation — fracture  of  the  thigh,  said  by  rela- 
tives to  have  been  caused  by  a  fall  wdien  getting  out  of  bed. 

H.     3.     John  C ,  b.  Dec.  2,  1830,  and  d.  May  10,  1893,  of 

pneumonia  and  diarrhoea,  at  C ,  Mass.,  where  he  had  been  a  nurse 

in  the  Soldiers'  Home.  He  had  been  temporarily  insane  at  various 
times  from  the  age  of  50  and  possibly  earlier.  Many  never  knew 
much  of  this  trouble,  for  J.  C.  seemed  to  know  when  it  was  coming 
on,  and  just  what  to  do  for  himself  when  in  this  condition.  A  change 
of  place  or  occupation  seemed  to  help  him,  and  he  took  care  to  keep 
his  hands  and  mind  occupied  as  fully  as  possible.  He  also  suffered 
from  melancholia. 

H.     4.     Elizabeth  D ,  his  wife,  d.  age  53-4,  of  pulmonary 

tuberculosis.     They  had  five  children : 

ni.     1.     Lizzie,  d.  inf. 

HI.     2.     Emily,  d.  Tb.,  May  18,  1786,  age  18-10-13.=^ 

HI.  3.  Etta  (Marietta),  unmar.,  d.  April  11,  1889,  age  29-7-14, 
of  phthisis. 

HI.     4.     Annie,  d.  inf. 

HI.    5.    Leonard,  married  a  Swedish  woman,  li\es  ^I ,  has 

3  children. 

II.     5.     Susan  C ,  b.  1832,  d.  1839. 

II.     (;.     Thomas  R.  C (father  of  No.  8291,  and  bro.  of  No. 

•J2[2)  b.  Aug.  23,  1834,  in  M ,  d.  Dec.  21,  1904,  of  pleurisy.  Shoe- 
maker l)y  trade.  His  wife  says  that  he  was  a  nervous  man,  always 
very  frail.  He  was  taken  ill  with  pleurisy  one  day  and  died  the  next 
at  4  P.  M. 

II.     ;.     Susan  C his  wife,  and  mother  of  case  No.  8291,  is 

living  at  No.  4 .  M .     She  is  an  irritable  but  kindly 


*  Years — months — days. 


70  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

woman;  noted  for  her  religious  fickleness  and  zeal.  She  has  been 
Baptist,  Mormon,  and  has  been  in  street  parades  with  a  tambourine 
for  the  Salvation  Army.  Her  cautiousness  is  at  times  absurd.  She 
did  not  tell  the  physicians  in  the  hospital  of  a  serious  blow  her  son 
received  on  the  head  from  a  fall  a  short  time  previous  to  his  being 
sent  to  the  hospital,  for  fear  that  they  might  wish  to  "have  some  sort 
of  an  operation  to  see  if  that  was  what  caused  his  mental  trouble." 
She  is  at  first  suspicious,  but  can  be  won  to  give  confidence,  tho  she 
worries  afterward  for  fear  she  has  said  too  much.  She  has  friends 
whom  she  trusts  implicitly,  and  her  suspicious  caution  toward  others 
whom  she  does  not  favor,  seems  never  to  be  entertained  towards 
friends.  She  takes  "summer  folk"  to  room  with  her  at  the  beach,  and 
she  has  for  some  years  taken  "fresh  air"  children,  tho  she  has  not 
done  that  recently  as  she  is  becoming  too  elderly  to  care  for  them. 
She  has  an  eccentric  habit  of  leaving  her  housework  and  walking  the 
streets  or  visiting  neighbors  at  meal  time  and  taking  the  key  with  her 
so  that  her  husband  upon  his  return  would  find  the  house  locked  and 
no  meals  prepared.  She  says  that  her  eyes  will  not  allow  her  to  work, 
but  told  of  reading  a  novel  until  midnight.  She  had  3  children  and 
two  miscarriages : 

III.     8.     (No.  8291)   Foster  C ,  b.  Jan.  11,  1869,  in  :M . 


Admitted  to  hospital  June  13,  1896,  age  27,  machinist,  unmarried. 
Primary  Dementia.  "Confusion,  disorientation,  auditory  hallucina- 
tions, hyper-religiosity,  mutism,  tendon  reflex  exaggerated,  irritability, 
incoherence,  psychomotor  excitement,  violent  acts,  motor  restlessness, 
negativisim,  masturbation,  violent  threats,  stupor."  Physicians  certif: 
"Excited,  dangerous,  violent.  Of  late  he  has  become  more  violent, 
and  has  escaped  from  home  several  times,  causing  disturbance  in  the 
street.  While  in  bed,  used  profane  language;  said  he  had  given  up 
religion  and  gone  to  swearing."  Note  of  May  22,  1911 :  "An  exam, 
of  chest  at  time  of  transfer  to  T.  B.  showed  no  signs;  patient  began 
to  gain  flesh  and  eat  better  immediately  upon  going  out,  and  has 
continued  to  gain  up  to  the  present  time,  weighing  now  about  140  lb.. 
Mental  condition  unchanged.  Sits  about  with  his  head  bowed,  talking 
to  himself.  When  questioned,  answers  in  a  quick,  peculiar  voice." 
He  was  working  on  a  stationary  engine,  in  connection  with  the  laying 
of  some  street  sewers  in  Feb.,  previous  to  his  confinement  in  June. 

His  work  was  in  ^I .     One  night  he  stayed  overtime  because  the 

man  who  should  have  relieved  him  was  intoxicated.     He  became  very 
weary,  and  finally  when  he  was  relieved,  he  slipped  on  an  icy  side-walk, 


III. 

11 

II. 

10. 

II. 

11. 

II. 

12. 

The  Family-Histokv   Book.  71 

striking-  his  licad  so  severel}-  that  he  "saw  stars"  for  some  time;  he 
was  not  certain  that  he  was  unconscious  at  all,  and  as  soon  as  he  got 
up,  he  started  for  his  home  in  M ,  some  miles  distant. 

III.     8.     George  S C ■,  b.  March  28,  1872;  and  d.  Jul^ 

25,  1872.     ^I record  gives  cause:     "Infantile." 

III.     9.     Miscarriage,    3   mo.      "Went    for   a   carriage   ride,   and 
came  home  sick." 

III.     10.     Frederick  B C ,  b.   M ,  Jan.  28,  187G;  d. 

Feb.  4,  1877,  of  diphtheria. 

Miscarriage,  2  mo.  from  cleaning  house. 

Joseph  C ,  b.  Sept.  28,  183G ;  d.  Sept.  2G,  1837. 

Joseph  C ,  b.  Oct.  19,  1838;  d.  Aug.  30,  1839. 

(No.  9242)  Joseph  C ,  b.  Aug.  8,  1841;  admitted  to 

hospital  Oct.  19,  1898 ;  shoemaker,  unmarried.  Diag. :  Primary 
Dementia — Physical  deformity  (has  a  shoemaker's  deformity  of  the 
lower  end  of  the  sternum.)  ;  dementia,  disorientation,  hernia,  visual 
hallucinations,  heredity,  incoherence,  mannerisms,  sunstroke,  suicidal 
acts,  obscenity,  motor  restlessness,  varicose  veins,  reflex  changes,  exag- 
gerated. Physician's  certificate:  "Attempted-  suicide  more  than  25 
years  since.  Said  he  did  not  feel  well ;  does  not  drink  much  water ; 
did  not  think  the  water  in  the  well  was  fit  to  use  in  watering  plants ; 
sat  still  and  talked ;  had  used  obscene  and  insulting  language  towards 
dififerent  individuals ;  wandered  about  the  streets  at  night.  No  change 
in  mental  and  physical  condition  in  past  25  years."  Patient  is  still 
in  this  hospital ;  used  to  work  on  the  ward,  but  does  nothing  now. 
Talks  to  himself  continually.  Knows  the  name  of  the  President  of 
the  U.  S.  and  knows  that  hospital  has  a  new  superintendent  this  spring. 

II.     13.     Susan  C ,  b.  Oct.  8,  1843;  d.  Nov.  16,  1844. 

II.     14.     Samuel  R.  C ,  b.  Oct.  8,  1846;  d.  Sept.  IG,  1847. 

II.     15.     Mary  Susan  C (now  Mrs.   Philip  C ,   No.  33 

,  M ).    She  is  decidedly  a  psychopathic  personality.    She 

has  mannerisms,  is  very  suspicious,  untruthful,  and  in  a  minute  forgets 
what  she  has  told  so  that,  by  cross-questioning,  one  can  obtain  some 
things  from  her.  As  soon  as  some  of  her  family  come  into  the  room 
she  ceases  telling  what  is  incorrect,  and  when  she  sees  that  others  are 
willing  to  talk,  she  sits  as  if  she  had  been  eager  to  be  of  service  from 
the   first,   and   begins   to  talk  incessantly,  but   cautiously   withholding 

facts.     Have  often  met  her  in  the  streets  in  ^l ;  she  walks  rapidly 

with  her  head  down,  and  a  sidewise  glance  from  under  her  lowered 
brow  is  taking  in  everything,  tho  she  apparently  thinks  no  one  knows 


72  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

she  is  looking.  She  always  endeavors  to  get  past  without  salutation 
(and  she  seems  to  do  this  with  all  she  meets  on  the  street)  ;  but  w^hen 
spoken  to,  she  looks  up  and  responds  in  the  same  words,  then  hurries 
on  head  down.    She  did  not  marry  until  middle  age.    Her  husband,  an 

'old  soldier,  a  cripple,  cooks  in  a  good  "sea-food"  restaurant  in  M . 

II.     IG.     Edward  D.  C ,  b.  Apr.  11,  1840  and  d.  Sept.  4,  1849. 

II.  8.     (No.  746)  Nicholas  F.  P : 

Susan  C.  P ,  the  mother  of  the  patient  (Case  No.  8291),  has 

also  a  brother  in  hospital  (746,  228)  ;  age  at  last  admit.,  35 ;  age  at  2nd 
admit.,  47;  Apr.  11,  1882;  assigned  cause,  intemperance,  but  no 
diagnosis  appears.  History  at  that  time  by  sister:  "Patient  is  of  fair 
mental  capacity;  no  religious  belief;  common  school  education;  cheer- 
ful disposition  and  industrious  habits ;  shoemaker ;  for  two  years  has 
been  a  hard  worker;  one  uncle  died  from  brain  softening;  no  history 
of  hereditary  insanity;  is  said  to  have  enjoyed  good  physical  health 
with  the  exception  of  partial  sunstroke  received  some  years  ago.  In 
June,  the  patient,  after  a  long  debauch,  became  very  apprehensive ; 
expressed  delusions  of  persecution ;  said  he  heard  people  about  his 
house,  and  refused  to  go  out  for  fear  of  injury.  After  a  week  of 
absentation  from  drink,  became  better  and  returned  to  work.  Began 
drinking  and  soon  began  to  complain  of  headache  and  to  exhibit  de- 
lusions of  fear.  For  six  weeks  has  been  actively  deluded,  imagining 
himself  an  object  of  persecution  by  the  liquor  sellers  of  the  town. 
Has  refused  to  go  out  of  the  house  and  has  eaten  and  slept  irregularly ; 
no  attempt  at  self-injury  has  been  made.  Thinks  the  rum  sellers  have 
put  him  down  as  a  'spotter.'  "  June  14,  1882,  discharged  as  recovered. 
He  was  returned  in  ^larch  22,  1894.  Physician's  certificate:  "He  has 
been  insane  for  15  years,  and  has  lately  become  violent  at  times." 
Hospital  rec. :  "Alcohol,  apprehensiveness,  dementia,  allopsychic  de- 
lusion, exaltation,  auditory  hallucinations,  indifference,  incoherence, 
mannerisms,  violent  acts."  Hospital :  "Since  note  of  March  26,  1905, 
the  patient  is  reported  continually  as  a  tidy,  useful  person,  well  oriented, 
contented  to  stay  here."     He  was  married  some  time  between  the  two 

commitments ;  his  record  says  that  he  had  been  an  inmate  of  the  ]M 

almshouse  for  many  years.  His  sister  Susan  says  that  one  child  was 
b.  to  him  thru  his  marriage  to  Adeline  S : 

III.  12.  George,  d.  age  6-7  years  in  L .  The  child  as  de- 
scribed was  born  with  a  tumor  in  his  back,  one  joint  of  his  spine  was 
missing  and  this  bunch  was  there  in  place  of  it. 


The  Family-History  Book.  73 

The  sister  who  gave  the  history  of  2nd  admit,  said  that  ''Father 
died  of  lieart  disease;  mother  died  of  spinal  trouble.'' 

c.     HUNTINGTON'S  CHOREA. 

A  form  of  chorea  that  leads  to  dementia.  This  disease  well 
illustrates  the  method  of  inheritance  of  a  dominant  trait,  since  it 
never  "skips  a  generation." 

RECORD  OF  A  CASE  OF  HUNTINGTON's  CHOREA    (Fig.   1-i). 
BY   DR.    E.    B.    MUNCEY. 

Elizabeth  P.  I,  1  (5th  generation  from  S.  B.  and  R.  F.)  was  born 
1822  in  C ,  Onondaga  County,  N.  Y.    Married  A.  K.  C,  I,  2.    They 

'     Or© 

I  2 


III 


IV 


f^ 


(^, 


Fig.  14. 


lived  in  \\  B.  New  York  for  several  years  and  later  removed  to  G. 
She  had  chorea  badly  before  death. 

They  had  two  children,  H,  1,  and  P.  C,  H,  2,  both  suffered  with 
chorea  in  a  pronounced  form.    The  history  of  Philo,  H,  1,  is  not  known. 

P.  C,  n,  2,  lived  in  M.  where  she  married  S.  W.,  H,  3.  They  had 
two  children. 

E.  W.,  HI,  1,  and  her  father  lived  in  G.  where  she  carried  on 
dressmaking  until  her  choreic  movements  became  so  pronounced  that 
she  was  obliged  to  give  it  up.  After  this  she  became  rapidly  worse 
and  died  a  few  years  ago  (date  uncertain)  from  exhaustation  due  to 
constant  muscular  movements.  Her  mind  was  seriously  impaired. 
She  died  unmarried. 

E.  W.  was  aft'ected  earlier  in  life  than  her  sister;  onset  between 
25  and  30  years,  soon  after  the  birth  of  her  baby.  She  married  a  man 
named  M.,  and  removed  from  G.    Their  daughter  E.  M.  was  choreic 


74  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No,  7. 

from  birth.    As  they  left  G.  when  she  was  a  small  child  further  history 
was  unavailable. 


X.     RECORDS  OF  THE  CRIMINALISTIC. 

Studies  already  made  suffice  to  indicate  that  in  many  crimes  the 
act  is  a  result  of  mental  condition  which  is  inherited.  This  is  par- 
ticularly true  of  crimes  against  chasity,  drunkenness,  incorrigibility, 
truancy,  vagrancy,  crimes  against  the  person,  arson,  larceny,  and 
malicious  mischief  of  the  grosser  sorts.  The  study  of  the  family  his- 
tory frequently  enables  a  judgment  to  be  drawn  as  to  the  relative 
importance  of  a  bad  environment  and  a  bad  nervous  constitution  in 
these  cases.  In  criminal  trials  of  the  future  it  is  certain  that  more 
consideration  will  be  given  to  hereditary  tendencies  for  wdiose  posses- 
sion the  individual  is  clearly  not  responsible. 

HISTORY  OF  A  CRIMIXAUSTIC  FAMILY  IX 
NARRATIVE  FORM. 

DATA  FURNISHED  BY  MRS.   MARY  DRAXGA,    KINDNESS  OF  DR.   W,   M.    IIEALY 

(Fig.    15). 

A  robust  locomotive  fireman  now  68  years  old  who  uses  no  alcohol 
or  tobacco,  and  of  whose  antecedents  nothing  is  known,  married,  many 
years  ago,  11,2,  a  woman  who  was  born  in  the  mountains  of  West 
Virginia,  near  the  Kentucky  line.  Though  illiterate,  this  woman  is 
physically  well  developed,  fine  looking,  clean,  and  a  hard  worker. 
She  has,  however  certain  clear  mental  defects.  She  is  subject  to 
headaches  on  both  sides  of  the  head,  accompanied  with  nausea,  so 
that  she  must  sometimes  keep  to  her  bed  for  a  week.  She  has  also 
fainting  spells  in  which  she  shakes  and  falls  down,  sometimes  bruising 
herself.  Her  eyeballs  roll  up,  she  can  recall  nothing  about  the  spasm 
after  it  is  over,  but  gets  up,  and  goes  to  work,  though  with  a  sleepy 
feeling.  She  has  2  or  3  of  these  spells  each  week  and  has  had  them  for 
a  long  time.  She  uses  tobacco  and  alcohol  in  considerable  amount  and 
has  the  reputation  of  using  morphine.  Her  temper  is  at  times  violent 
and  she  has  been  brought  to  court  for  abusing  her  daughter  Ella. 
She  steals  from  houses  where  she  w^orks.  Finally,  she  was  a  harlot 
before  her  marriage  while  in  West  Virginia,  and  since  her  marriage 
cannot  keep  away  from  men.  She  has  had  10  children  by  her  husband  ; 
the  biography  of  some  of  them  has  been  ascertained. 


The  Family-History  Book.  75 

III.  1.  This  son  killed  two  men  in  W.  of  whom  one  was  a 
policeman.  His  sister  Ella  informed  on  him,  but  he  got  off  with  slight 
penalty.     Ella  has  been  obliged  to  avoid  her  brother  since. 

Ill,  4  is  the  next  daughter.  She  lives  in  West  Virginia,  has  been 
married  twice  and  has  three  children.  While  living  with  her  second 
husband  she  had  a  paramour.  In  collusion  with  her,  he  shot  her  hus- 
band in  the  head,  killing  him.  and  she  now  lives  with  this  murderer, 
whom  she  freed  from  the  law  by  false  witnesses. 


□=tO 


0=T<£> 


Fig.  15. 

Ill,  6  is  a  man  of  21  years.  He  is  sickly,  and,  like  his  mother, 
an  inveterate  user  of  tobacco,  and  liable  to  fainting  spells  which  are 
doubtless  epileptic  in  nature. 

Ill,  8  is  a  woman  of  good  reputation,  has  been  married  8  years, 
is  childless,  lives  in  Virginia. 

Ill,  9,  10  are  two  sons  of  whom  nothing  is  known. 

Ill,  12  is  a  young  woman  not  quite  17  years  old.  She  was  born  in 
West  Virginia  but  since  the  age  of  11  has  lived  in  Iowa.  Her  general 
physical  condition  is  good,  she  has  regular  features  and  a  pleasant 
square  face.  She  was  at  school  for  6  years  and  left  in  the  fifth  grade, 
but  her  slow  progress  is  to  be  explained  in  part  by  interruptions. 
There  is  clear  evidence  of  serious  nervous  trouble.  She  has  always 
been  nervous  and  afraid  in  her  sleep.  When  15  years  old  she  had  an 
hysterical  attack,  following  a  slight  scare,  and,  in  consequence  spent  a 
month  in  a  hospital.  A  little  later  she  married  III,  11,  giving  her  age 
as  18  instead  of  16.  After  living  with  her  husband  for  two  months 
he  sent  her  to  Chicago.  She  has  had  two  spasms  since  her  marriage. 
Letters  from  her  home  stated  that  her  husband  sent  her  away  because 
he  found  her  with  a  man. 

Ill,  11  is  unable  to  write  his  name  or  to  figure.  He  works  in  the 
round  house  of  the  railroad,  where  he  was  once  shot  at.  His  mother 
lives  with  a  man  to  whom  she  is  not  married. 


7G 


Eugenics  Record  Ofeice,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


Ill,  13  is  a  son,  nothing  known  about  him. 

Ill,  14  is  a  son  who  died  at  13  years.  Had  St.  Vitus'  dance  and 
heart  trouble. 

Ill,  15,  13  years  old.  Has  bad  headaches  with  nausea,  so  that  she 
has  to  go  to  bed  for  a  day  or  two. 


XI.     RECORDS  OF  SEX  OFFENSE. 

The  problem  of  prostitution  in  our  cities  cannot  be  solved  by 
visiting  brothels  and  making  inquiries  of  the  inmates,  on  the  assumption 
that  they  are  quite  like  other  people  excepting  that  they  are  the  victims 
of  an  unfortunate  environment.  It  is  necessary  to  make  a  psycho- 
logical analysis  of  the  prostitute's  fraternity  and  that  of  her  father 
and  mother.  It  appears  at  once  that  her  traits  were  born  with  her — 
are  in  her  blood. 

The  following  is  a  schedule  of  inquiries  that  should,  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  field  worker,  be  made. 


Persoxal  History 

Date  of  birth 

Place  of  birth 

Nature  of  early  surroundings : 

urban,  rural,  etc. 
Care   bv  mother,   bv  sisters,   bv 

brothers,  by  servants. 

Economic  History 

Sexual  History 

First  sex  feelings ;  age,  nature 
Growth  of  sex  knowledge 
Masturbation,  if  any  ;  history. 
Onset     of     menstruation;     age, 

symptoms 
History  of  relations  with  men; 
with  conditions  leading  to 
them  and  details  that  throw 
light  on  the  psychical  condi- 
tion of  each  of  the  pair. 


Physical  Traits 

Present  height 

Present  w^eight 

General  facial  appearance,  as  to 
beauty  and  intelligence. 

Eye  color 

Hair  color 

General  mental  ability  —  Binet 
test 

Appreciation  of  cause  and  effect 

Appreciation  of  consequences  of 
sex  act 

Foresight 

Attitude  toward  social  infamy 

Love  of  amusement  and  excite- 
ment 

Vivacity 

Love  of  display 

Vanity ;  desire  to  be  noticed 

Curiosity 


The  Family-History  Book. 


77 


Appetites  for  alcohol ;  for  nar- 
cotics 

Industry  or  idleness 

Modesty — sensitiveness  to  expo- 
sure unclad 

Self  respect 

Sex  Impulse 
Tendency  to  fall  in  love 
Strength  of  desire 
Indulgence  in  erotic  imagination 
Strength  of  inhibitions 
Desire  for  exclusive  and  perma- 
nent possession 

Degree  of  Pleasure  Derived 
Through  Sense  of: 


Touch,  particularly  of  persons. 
Taste  (Idiosyncrasies  of). 
Color.  Music.  Smell  (per- 
sonal odors;  perfumes) 

Appreciation  of  Ideas  of  : 

Sex-immorality,    virtue,    purity, 

chastity 
Self  control 
Public  opinion 
Truth,     honesty,     kindness     (to 

children  and  animals) 
Trustworthiness  and  reliability 

Liability  to  Other  Anti- 
Social  Acts 


FAMILY  HISTORY  OF  AX  INMATE  OF  A  GIRLS'  HOME 

(Fig.  16). 

BY   WINIFRED    HATHAWAY. 

The  Patient,  IV,  1,  b.  Nov.  — ,  1893,  East  Boston,  Mass.  Parents 
American,  Protestant,  early  environment  unfavorable.  Father:  feeble- 
minded, immoral,  alcoholic,  abusive  to  the  children;  mother:  young, 
very  immoral,  worked  part  time  in  a  store  and  left  the  children  alone 
all  day.  Home  poor  and  neglected,  in  a  bad  section  of  the  city. 
Patient  born  at  full  term  when  mother  was  less  than  1 5  years  old. 
From  childhood  she  would  do  anything  to  attract  attention  to  herself. 
For  instance,  when  "Jack  the  Snipper"  was  cutting  the  hair  of  girls 
in  the  streets,  the  patient  caused  a  sensation  by  cutting  off  her  own 
hair.  She  hid  it,  invented  a  thrillins:  storv  of  her  encounter  with  the 
vandal,  was  delighted  when  brought  to  court,  and  confessed  only 
when  confronted  with  hair  which  had  been  found.  She  was  fairly 
good  at  school,  reached  the  eighth  grade,  but  never  cared  for  study. 
She  was  untrustworthy,  wilful,  quick-tempered,  crazy  over  boys ; 
admits  she  began  to  have  immoral  relations  at  9  years  of  age  and 
cannot  recall  that  she  ever  had  any  sense  of  modesty.  When  she  was 
about  14  years  old,  her  mother  left  her  husband,  took  the  children 
with  her  and  moved  to  a  house  near  the  Charleston  Navy  Yard.    The 


78 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Buli^etin  No.  7. 


patient  visited  the  yard  with  a  companion  and,  subsequently,  under 
pretence  of  going  to  school  or  to  church,  she  frequently  went  to  the 
Yard.  She  represented  herself  as  an  officer's  daughter,  and  seems 
to  have  had  free  access  to  the  place  at  any  hour  of  the  day.  The 
companion  spoken  of  above  also  introduced  her  to  a  house  of  ill-fame. 
The  patient  thus  described  her  Sundays :  Directly  after  breakfast 
she  took  her  Bible  and  ostensibly  started  for  Sundayschool.     Really 

Dt0 


[n}-t-© 
1 


B-r<B 

5  6 


12        3        4        6       6  7        8       9       10      11  1»    Lj     14      16 


(N)6[iDt](N)666 

11     12       13     14      15      16      17      18 


16     17     18      19    20     21     22     23 


I        2       3      4       6       6       7       8        9      10  19     20     21     22     23     24 


12  3 

Fig.  16. 

she  went  to  the  Navy  Yard,  then  returned  for  dinner,  went  out  again, 
ostensibly  for  a  walk,  but  really  to  a  house  of  ill-fame,  remained  until 
late  in  the  afternoon,  returned  for  supper,  and  sometimes  went  in  the 
evening  to  the  Navy  Yard  or  to  a  house  of  ill  fame.  Her  account  of 
her  sexual  life  may  be  exaggerated  to  add  to  the  sensation;  but  she 
declares  that  she  had  immoral  relations  with  at  least  150  marines  at  the 
Navy  Yard  and  visited  four  houses  of  ill-fame  in  Boston ;  she  received 
money  but  there  is  no  evidence  that  a  desire  for  it  had  any  important 
influence  in  leading  her  to  these  places  or  causing  her  to  continue  to 
frequent  them.  If  left  a  moment  to  herself  she  practices  masturbation ; 
she  says  she  cannot  keep  away  from  men  and  that  she  feels  at  times 
that  she  must  go  to  the  Navy  Yard. 


The   Family- History  Book.  79 

Her  offenses  soon  became  so  flagrant  that  Society  began  to  take 
notice.  In  a  department  store  where  she  worked,  she  flirted  so  that 
three  men  lost  their  positions  through  her  and  she  was  discharged. 
She  took  a  young  girl  to  the  Navy  Yard  where  they  had  immoral 
relations  with  marines ;  the  friend  was  frightened  and  told  someone 
in  authority  so  that  the  marines  were  arrested  and  sentenced  to  2V2 
years,  while  the  patient  herself  was  put  under  the  care  of  the  Children's 
Aid  Society;  was  ''placed  out"  by  the  society  into  a  good  family,  but 
her  libidinous  instincts  soon  ended  this  relation.  Then  her  mother  had 
her  committed  to  an  institution  for  wayward  girls,  1909,  at  the  age 
of  16  years.  She  was  placed  on  parole  two  years  later  with  a  family 

in  D ;  here  she  met  two  men ;  was  of  no  use  in  the  household 

and  was  returned.     Was  placed  in  W but  was  unable  to  do  any- 
thing without  assistance ;  placed  out  in  H but  ran  away  and  was 

returned  to  the  Institution  where  she  now  is. 

At  present  the  patient  is  a  goodlooking  girl,  5'  i/t"  tall ;  weight 
122  lbs;  has  thick,  dark  wavy  hair,  (some  hairs  gray);  dark  eyes, 
very  full  and  large  and  with  glasses.  Hands  thick  and  voice  low  and 
pleasantly  modulated.  Never  noisy,  but  listless  and  sentimental  with  a 
dreamy  superior  air  very  irritating  to  the  other  girls.  Indolent,  always 
with  an  excuse  to  offer  against  work ;  smooth,  cunning  and  an  invet- 
erate liar.  She  has  gonorrhea  and  has  deteriorated  mentally.  The 
Binet  test  gives  11.4  years.  Definitions  poor,  could  not  put  dissected 
sentences  together,  repeat  figures  or  sentences  or  give  rhymes ;  can  do 
no  abstract  work  or  manual  work  without  supervision.  She  has  been 
diagnosed  as  deficient  in  any  moral  sense,  incapable  of  acquiring  it 
and  requiring  permanent  custodial  care. 

patient's  fraternity. 

Sister,  IV,  2,  b.  1894,  East  Boston,  Mass.  A  small,  slender  girl 
with  brown  hair  and  eyes,  rather  coarse  features,  sallow  complexion, 
very  bad  teeth,  forward,  incapable,  extremely  nervous;  and  hysterical. 
Graduated  from  the  Grammar  School  and  has  been  attending  evening 
High  School  this  winter.  Worked  for  a  time  at  W's  department  store, 
but  lost  her  position  for  laughing  and  talking  too  much;  is  at  present 
working  at  H's  department  store.    So  far  as  known  she  is  a  moral  girl. 

Brother,  IV,  3,  b.  1898,  East  Boston,  Mass.  A  very  small  boy 
for  his  age ;  light-brown  hair,  small  blue  eyes,  small  oval  face,  head 
rather  pointed,  ears  protruding,  has  suft'ered  much  from  abscesses  in 
his  neck.     ^lentalitv  verv  eood.    Graduated  from  the  grammar  school 


80  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

and  is  attending  the  Mechanic's  Art  School.  Does  a  great  deal  of  the 
housework,  cooks,  scrubs,  and  is  altogether  very  capable.  At  present 
is  running  errands  for  a  dressmaker  after  school  and  on  Saturdays. 
He  is  emotional,  cries  very  easily,  is  highstrung  and  nervous. 

PATIENTS  FATHER. 

III.  10.  B.  1868,  East  Boston,  ]\Iass.  A  slender  man  of  medium 
height,  small  head,  protruding  brown  eyes ;  has  a  sullen  expression ; 
and  is  sullen  and  moody  in  his  reactions.  It  is  reported  that  he  had  a 
fall  when  a  child  and  has  been  considered  half-foolish  since.  Intoxi- 
cants make  him  almost  insane ;  and,  it  is  said,  he  has  had  delirium 
tremens ;  he  is  often  called  "Crazy  C" ;  and  has  never  amounted  to 
anything.  He  boarded  with  a  Mrs.  A.  and  there  met  her  daughter, 
the  patient's  mother,  who  was  not  quite  14;  she  became  pregnant  by 
him,  and  he  was  obliged  to  marry  her.  He  soon  began  to  drink  heavily, 
quarreled  with  and  abused  the  members  of  his  family,  failed  to  sup- 
port them,  and  was  several  times  arrested  for  non-support ;  has  to  pay 
$4.50  per  week  toward  the  support  of  his  children.  He  was  a  teamster; 
helped  for  a  time  as  school  janitor  and  worked  about  wharves.  Is 
working  at  present  for  a  Boston  firm. 

father's  fraternity. 

III.  1.  East  Boston,  a  short,  very  stout  woman  of  excellent 
repute  and  average  mental  ability;  married  a  fireman  of  good  repute. 
They  live  in  a  good,  clean  tenement  in  a  fair  location.  Formerly 
wished  to  bring  up  the  patient,  but  her  mother  refused. 

III.  2.  B.  1860,  East  Boston,  a  short,  plump  woman  of  excellent 
repute  and  good  mentality.  Married  W.  N.,  a  police  officer  of  high 
rank ;  live  in  a  clean,  comfortable  frame  house.  Have  two  children, 
E.  X.  and  E.  F.  N.,  of  good  reputation,  the  latter  of  whom  is  married 
and  has  a  somewhat  backward  two  year  old  child. 

III.  3.  A  small  woman  of  good  repute  and  mentality ;  has  two 
children  who  are  well  spoken  of. 

III.  4.  B.  1861,  East  Boston,  a  very  stout  man,  brown  hair  and 
eyes,  features  large,  nose  broad,  bridge  broken.     Is  janitor  of  School 

;  has  held  position   20  years,   is   considered  efficient,  and   is  of 

good  repute. 

HI.     5.     B. ,  of  good  repute. 

III.     6.     E.  1S63,  East  Boston,  d.  1868,  membraneous  croup. 


The   Famii.v-IIistokv    Hook.  81 

III.     r.     1).  18(>5,  East  Boston,  d.  1869,  infant  wasting. 

III.     8.     B.  1807.  East  Boston,  d.  1869,  infant  wasting. 

III.  9.  B.  1872,  East  Boston,  a  short,  plump  w^oman,  brown  eyes, 
and  hair,  l)roa(l  face,  small  features,  bad  teeth,  mentall}'  good  and  of 
good  reputation. 

patient's  fatiikr's  father  and  his  fraternity. 

II.  6.  B.  1836,  East  Boston,  Mass.  A  very  stout  man  only  4 
feet  tall,  of  excellent  repute,  a  school  janitor  for  40  years.  Suffered 
from  cataracts  and  bladder  trouble,  operated  at  hospital  on  eyes,  anl 
died  1912. 

II.  1.  B.  about  1832,  East  Boston,  was  a  ship  rigger,  fell  from 
rigging  and  was  killed  1860. 

II.  2.  B.  1834,  East  Boston,  of  good  repute,  married,  several 
children,  d.  1904  of  complication  of  diseases. 

II.  3.  B.  1838,  East  Boston,  Mass.  A  tall,  well-built  man. 
Gray  hair  and  beard,  blue  eyes ;  keen  kindly  face ;  of  excellent  char- 
acter, married,  five  children. 

II.  4.  B.  1841,  East  Boston,  Mass.;  moved  to  California;  wdien 
young  died  by  suicide. 

II.     5.     Girl,  unknown. 

patient's  father's  father's  father  and  motpier. 

I.  1.  B.  1808,  Boston,  Mass.  Was  ship  rigger  by  trade,  had 
sent  son  into  rigging  when  latter  fell  to  his  death.  Father  never  re- 
covered from  shock.  His  wife,  1,2,  b.  1821,  is  reported  to  have  been 
of  excellent  character,  kept  her  faculties,  except  hearing,  until  her 
death. 

patient's  father's  motiier  and  her  fraternity. 

II.  7.  B.  1838  Hingham,  Mass.  A  large-framed  fleshy  woman, 
hair  black,  eyes  brown,  prominent,  face  and  features  large,  good 
mentality  and  reputation  ;  rather  hard  and  bitter. 

II.  8.  B.  1836,  Hingham,  Mass.  Was  of  good  repute,  milliner 
by  trade,  suffered  a  long  time  from  kidney  trouble,  became  quite 
childish  before  her  death. 

II.     9.     B.  about  1840,  d.  1882  of  cancer  in  the  side. 

II.     10.     B.  about  1842,  d.  1886,  Bright's  disease. 

II.     11.     Four  children,  d.  in  infancy. 


82  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

patient's  mother. 

III.  19.  B.  1878,  Nova  Scotia.  A  short,  plump  exceedingly 
pretty  woman,  prematurely  gray  hair,  large  blue  eyes,  with  a  trick  of 
looking  very  child-like  and  innocent  that  is  apt  to  lead  one  astray. 
Round  face,  plump  cheeks,  good  complexion,  large  nose,  full  mouth, 
pleasant  voice  and  manners,  average  intelligence,  a  great  talker,  but 
wdiolly  superficial.  Very  emotional  and  hysterical ;  rather  fond  of 
weeping,  a  hard-working  woman ;  a  sales-woman  at  a  large  depart- 
ment store  doing  house-work,  washing,  cooking,  and  sewing  evenings 
and  Sundays.  Is  very  neat  in  her  personal  appearance,  cannot  bear  to 
have  the  children  wear  store-made  things,  and  the  fact  that  the  patient 
had  on  prison-made  shoes  at  the  Home  seemed  to  hurt  her  more  than 
all  the  immorality.  The  small  tenement  where  she  lives  is  fairly  clean, 
the  home  always  quiet ;  she  represents  herself  to  be  a  widow.  She  is 
reported  always  to  have  been  a  sensual  girl,  attracted  the  attention  of 
men  wherever  she  went.  Her  mother  kept  a  boarding  house  in  East 
Boston,  and  the  girl  was  around  the  boarders  a  great  deal.  When  she 
was  13  years  old  her  mother  went  to  Nova  Scotia,  leaving  her  at  the 
boarding  house.  She  is  reported  to  have  been  very  intimate  with  the 
boarders  and  when  her  mother  returned  she  was  found  to  be  pregnant. 
She  declared  at  first  that  her  father  was  responsible  for  the  child,  but 
admitted  that  she  had  relations  with  HI,  10,  and  asserted  that  he  was 
the  father ;  finally  he  married  her,  before  the  patient  was  born.  As 
the  children  grew  up  they  ran  the  streets ;  each  parent  reproached  the 
other  for  immorality  and  though  III,  19  pretended  to  be  shocked 
at  the  patient's  life,  it  in  part  reflected  her  own.     Since  her  separation 

from  her  husband,  she  has  received  a  man  by  the  name  of  J who 

stays  all  night.     She  is  said  to  have  bragged  about  him  among  the 
shop  girls  as  her  "conquest." 

patient's  mother's  fraternity. 

III.  20.  A  very  large  strong  man,  who  is  a  teamster.  Has 
been  very  immoral  but  seems  to  have  settled  down  with  his  wife 
(A  B)  whom  he  was  forced  to  marry.  They  live  with  his  mother 
in  a  good,  clean  tenement,  and  have  four  children. 

HI.     21,  22.     Two  boys  died  at  about  2  years  of  age  of  diphtheria. 

III.     23.     Boy,  died  infancy  of  cholera  infantum. 

III.  24.  B.  1886,  East  Boston,  Mass.  A  large,  very  healthy 
man,  of  good  mentality,  considered  the  best  in  the  family;  but  his 
marriage  said  to  have  been  a  ''forced"  one.   He  has  two  young  children. 


The  Family-History  Book.  83 

patient's  mother's  father. 

II.  15.  B.  1856,  Nova  Scotia.  A  very  small  man,  weighing  76 
lbs.  Has  always  been  very  hardworking  and  much  brow-beaten,  and 
never  a  very  successful  man.  He  did  night  work  in  a  sugar  refinery 
for  30  years,  never  getting  more  than  $10  a  week.  He  watched  the 
vats  and  had  to  keep  in  a  bending  position  most  of  the  time  and  to  this 
position  and  tobacco  are  ascribed  the  cancer  of  the  buccal  cavity  from 
which  he  suffers.  He  had  an  operation  in  which  the  growth  was 
removed  but  there  is  no  hope  of  recovery ;  meanwhile  the  company 
continues  his  salary.  It  is  reported  that  his  wife  treated  him  cruelly, 
making  him  do  the  family  washing  when  he  returned  from  the  night's 
work,  striking  him  on  the  head  and  abraiding  the  skin  with  a  rolling 
pin,  providing  him  with  insufficient  food.  His  marriage  was  forced 
for  his  wife  was  pregnant  by  him  before  her  marriage. 

HIS   FRATERNITY. 

II.  12.  B.  1850,  Nova  Scotia,  said  to  be  living  in  Laurence 
\'alley,  N.  Y. ;  married. 

II.  14.  B.  1851,  Nova  Scotia.  A  short,  rather  stout  woman.  Has 
brown  eyes  and  hair,  wrinkled  skin,  no  teeth,  and  most  peculiar  traits. 
She  is  very  blunt  and  outspoken;  nervous,  excitable  and  subject  to 
fits  of  nervous  hysterics,  when  she  will  cry  for  days  at  a  time.  Is 
considered  mentally  lacking  by  the  neighbors ;  became  so  peculiar  after 
the  menopause  that  the  family  feared  insanity ;  is  said  to  have  a 
violent  temper.  She  looks  ill  and  wild  and  appears  almost  foolish  at 
times.  Has  a  horror  of  seeing  people ;  will  not  open  the  door.  Three 
visits  of  the  field  worker  were  unsuccessful  but  on  the  fourth  she  was 
admitted  and  treated  kindly.  II,  14  said  she  had  seen  the  field  worker 
each  time,  and  finally  decided  it  must  be  something  important ;  the 
information  asked  for  w^as  given  willingly  and  in  a  clear  concise 
manner.  She  married  II,  13,  b.  about  1858,  in  Nova  Scotia,  a  large 
very  kind  man  with  gray  hair  and  moustache,  blue  eyes  with  a  cataract, 
very  large  nose  and  the  appearance  of  general  moral  and  mental  nor- 
mality.    They  have  8  children,  III,  11-18. 

III.  11.  B.  1871,  of  good  repute,  married  to  E.  C,  a  daughter 
b.  1907,  Somerville,  Mass. 

III.  12.  B.  1875.  A  very  short,  slender  woman,  dark-brown 
hair  and  eyes,  a  small  thin  face.  Has  tuberculosis  of  the  throat,  but 
has  improved  in  a  sanitarium.  Is  nervous  and  high  strung,  but  has 
good  control  of  herself.     Married   N.  B.,  a  Jew,  much  against  her 


S4:  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

parents'  wishes.  They  Hve  in  a  good  clean  apartment.  She  is  a  dress- 
maker,  of  average  intelHgence  and  good  repute. 

III.     13.     B.  1877,  G ,  d.  1879,  measles  and  lung  disease. 

III.     14.     B.    1879,   G ,   d.    1884,    fell    from   wharf   and   was 

drowned. 

III.     15.     B.   1884,  G ,  a  very  small  excitable  woman;  cries 

for  days  at  a  time.  Is  now  in  a  sanitarium  for  nervous  diseases. 
Married  T.  J.  a  drummer.     They  have  a  comfortable  home  in  L. 

III.     16.     B.  1886,  in  the  town  of  G .     A  small  slight,  quick, 

active  woman  with  brown  eyes  and  hair,  small  face  and  features. 
Has  always  suffered  from  epileptic  fits ;  but  these  do  not  seem  to  have 
affected  her  mentally.  It  is  said  she  had  14  attacks  the  day  her  child 
was  born.  She  married  E.  K.,  twice  her  age,  a  tall  slight  man  with 
very  gray  hair,  gray  eyes,  thin  face,  sharp  features,  who  looks  ill. 
They  live  in  a  well-kept  tenement  in  a  good  section. 

III.  16.  B.  1886,  small,  slight  woman;  brown  eyes  and  hair. 
Epileptic.     Quick  and  active. 

III.     17.     B.  1890,  d.  1892,  food  did  not  agree  with  her. 

III.  18.  B.  1894,  a  very  large  boy  about  6  feet  tall,  weight  197 
lbs.  Brown  eyes  and  hair.  Full,  round  face,  large  features,  average 
mentality ;  electrician,  was  mixed  in  an  assault  on  a  young  girl,  but 
was  acquitted. 

patient's  mother's  father's  father  and  mother. 

I.  3.  B.  1822,  Nova  Scotia,  drowned  at  sea,  1882.  Married 
I,  4,  b.  1824  Nova  Scotia;  was  subject  to  epileptic  fits,  which  often 
succeeded  each  other  rapidly.  Was  of  good  repute  and  preserved  her 
mentality  till  her  death  at  80  years  of  cancer  of  the  stomach. 

patient's  mother's  mother  and  her  fraternity. 

II.  16.  B.  1858  Nova  Scotia.  A  tall,  heavy  woman  with  light 
hair,  blue  eyes,  and  large  face  with  very  hard  expression.  Dressed 
very  well  and  lives  in  a  good  tenement ;  is  reported  to  have  been 
sensual  and  immoral  like  her  daughter  and  granddaughter  (whom  she 
bitterly  denounces)  and  to  have  been  most  cruel  to  her  husband. 

II.  17.  Two  males  said  to  have  been  normal,  respectable. 

II.  18.  Two  females  of  whom  little  is  known. 

11.  19.  Two  females  immoral,  and  one  of  these  feebleminded. 

II.  20.  Female  said  to  be  of  good  repute. 


II. 

•-?]. 

II. 

oo 

II. 

•23. 

The  F.vmii.v-Histokv    Book.  85 

Female  died  in  infancy. 

Three  males  of  whom  nothiner  is  known. 

Two  males  died  in  infancy. 

patient's  mother's  mother's  father. 

I.  5.  B.  1822,  Xova  Scotia.  A  man  of  very  bad  repute,  grossly 
immoral ;  is  living  in  Xova  Scotia.     Has  3  children. 

patient's  mother's  mother's  mother. 

I.  6.  B.  182T,  X.  S.  A  woman  of  bad  repute.  Is  reported  to 
have  kept  a  notorious  house  in  Liverpool,  X.  S.  Her  husband  was  so 
immoral  that  she  left  him  and  came  to  Boston.  Here  she  was  a  nurse 
for  many  years  and  seems  to  have  had  a  very  good  reputation  for 
morality.  She  is  described  as  having  been  lightheaded,  very  imagina- 
tive, and  not  always  quite  responsible. 


XII.     THE  STUDY  OF  HUMAN  HEREDITY*. 

MctJwds  of  Collecting,  Charting  a)id  Aiialycing  Data. 

BY    davenport.     GODDARD,    JOHNSTONE,    LAUGHLIN,    WEEKS. 

The  following  methods  are  in  use  at  the  Eugenics  Record  Office 
at  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  Long  Island,  The  New  Jersey  State  X'illage 
for  Epileptics,  at  Skillman,  and  The  Training  School  for  Backward 
and  Feeble-Blinded  Children,  at  \'ineland,  Xew  Jersey. 

1.       THE     FIELD     WORKER. 

For  many  years  the  better  organized  Hospitals  and  Institutions 
for  defectives  have  kept  family  histories  of  the  patients.  The  infor- 
mation obtained  from  application  blanks,  physicians'  examinations  and 
replies  received  from  letters  sent  to  relatives  and  physicians  have  been 
compiled  and  tabulated  and  deductions  have  been  drawn  from  them. 
But  it  has  for  some  time  been  apparent  that  such  family  histories  are 
far  from  satisfactory  and  that  a  better  way  to  get  at  the  method  of 
inheritance  of  epilepsy,  feeble-mindedness  and  the  various  forms  of 
insanity  and  criminality  is  by  means  of  a  field  worker,  v>ho  goes  to  the 
homes  and  interviews  persons  that  can  and  will  give  the  desired 
information. 


♦Reprinted  from  Eugenics  Record  Office:  Bulletin  No.   2. 


86  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

Besides  the  research  work,  the  field  worker  performs  many  of  the 
services  that  usually  fall  under  the  head  of  purely  social  worker.  In 
many  cases  patients  who  have  not  heard  from  friends  or  relatives  in 
years  are  brightened  by  the  visit  of  the  field  worker  and  look  forward 
to  her  return  in  the  hope  that  she  may  bring  them  news  of  their  friends. 
Discharged  patients  are  visited  by  the  field  worker  whenever  possible 
in  order  to  keep  the  Institution  in  touch  with  them.  Her  visits  to 
relatives,  physicians  and  others  establish  a  friendly  feeling  toward, 
and  an  intelligent  understanding  of,  the  Institution  and  its  work. 

When  connected  with  an  Institution,  the  field  worker  (who  for 
the  purposes  of  many  studies  is  preferably  a  woman)  first  learns  all 
she  can  about  the  patient  from  the  material  at  the  office,  such  as  corre- 
spondence, application  blanks,  records  of  medical  and  psychological 
examinations.  Addresses  of  friends  and  relatives  and  other  informa- 
tion that  may  be  helpful  in  locating  them  is  recorded  and  put  in  form 
for  the  worker  to  take  with  her.  Just  before  starting  out  to  visit  the 
relatives  and  friends,  the  field  worker  visits  the  patient  in  his  ward 
or  cottage.  This  is  done  in  the  manner  of  a  friendly  visit.  She  learns 
from  the  patient  all  that  he  or  she  can  tell  about  the  friends  and 
relatives,  especially  with  reference  to  their  addresses,  etc.  The  patients 
enjoy  these  visits,  and  are  often  able  to  give  very  useful  information. 

Everything  now  being  ready  for  the  visit  to  the  home,  the  field 
worker,  armed  with  recent  personal  knowledge  of  the  patient,  which 
assures  her  cordial  welcome,  visits  the  home  and  interviews  the  rela- 
tives, friends  and  family  physician.  To  secure  satisfactory  results, 
sympathetic  and  confidential  relations  must  always  be  maintained.  It 
is  better  to  leave  some  details  to  another  visit  than  to  have  relations 
at  all  strained.  The  field  worker's  constant  endeavor  must  be  to 
establish  a  feeling  between  the  family  and  Institution  that  will  assure 
her  of  a  welcome  at  any  time  with  kindly  cooperation,  and  to  this  end 
she  sacrifices  minor  details  that  would  naturally  come  on  return  visits. 
The  field  worker  endeavors  to  see  as  many  relatives  as  possible.  In 
this  way  facts  omitted  or  overlooked  by  one  are  often  recalled  and  told 
in  full  detail  by  another,  and  by  this  means  information  already 
obtained  is  confirmed.  Every  additional  interview  is  sure  to  reveal 
new  facts. 

Addresses  of  relatives  who  live  in  other  sections  are  recorded 
to  be  used  later  by  an  investigator  in  that  section.  References  to  foreign 
countries  are  also  kept,  with  the  town,  and  wherever  possible,  the 
-street  address.     In  the  case  of  foreign  born  parents,  an  endeavor  is 


The  Familv-Histokv   Book.  87 

made  to  obtain  data  relative  to  the  time  of  immigration,  the  town 
from  which  they  came,  and  other  information  that  may  be  useful. 

Whenever  the  field  worker  learns  of  any  defectives  who  need 
Institutional  care,  their  names  and  addresses  are  obtained,  and  filed 
with  the  other  material.  By  this  means  useful  information  is  available 
when  application  is  made  for  admission  to  Institutions. 

As  collected,  the  data  are  carefully  recorded,  and  the  pedigree 
chart  made  of  the  family.  This  is  then  put  in  permanent  form  on  a 
sheet  of  white  paper  8  x  IOV2  inches,  with  such  notes  and  symbols  as 
have  been  adopted  to  designate  certain  traits.  A  full  description,  with 
all  details,  is  typewritten  and  filed  with  the  chart. 

2.     THE  CHART   (Plate  I). 

The  plan  of  charting  adopted  is  based  on  the  decisions  of  a  com- 
mittee of  the  American  Association  for  the  Study  of  the  Feeble- 
IMinded  held  at  Lincoln,  Illinois,  in  1910.  This  committee  consisted 
of  Supt.  E.  R.  Johnstone  and  Dr.  H.  H.  Goddard,  of  Vineland, 
N.  J. ;  and  Drs.  A.  C.  Rogers,  of  Faribault,  Minn.,  Wm.  Healy  of 
Chicago,  111.,  Wm.  T.  Shanahan  of  Sonyea,  N.  Y.,  and  David  F. 
Weeks  of  Skillman,  N.  J. 

The  system  is  a  rectangular  one,  the  symbols  for  the  individuals 
(individual  symbols)  of  a  fraternity  (full  brothers  and  sisters)  being 
on  the  same  horizontal  line,  with  each  later  generation  placed  below 
the  next  earlier.  Male  individuals  are  indicated  by  squares,  females 
by  circles,  suspended  by  vertical  lines  (indizidiial  lines)  from  the 
horizontal  line.  ^Members  of  one  fraternity  are  connected  by  the  same 
horizontal  line.  The  rank  of  birth  in  the  fraternity  is  indicated  by  a 
serial  number  placed  immediately  above  the  fraternity  line.  When 
the  sex  is  unknown  the  square  or  circle  is  omitted  from  the  end  of  the 
individual  line.  The  fraternity  line  is  connected  by  a  vertical  line 
(descent  line)  to  a  line  joining  the  symbols  of  father  and  mother 
(mating  line).  The  mating  line  may  be  a  short  horizontal  one  or 
oblique,  passing  from  one  consort  to  the  other  as  emergencies  of  space 
decide.  Dotted  mating  lines  are  used  for  illegal  unions.  When  a 
marriage  of  one  of  the  individuals  of  a  fraternity  who  occupies  a 
middle  position  in  the  series  is  to  be  represented,  the  consort  is  placed 
below  and  to  the  right  or  left  of  the  circle  or  square  and  joined  to  it 
by  an  oblique  line  from  which  is  dropped  a  descent  line  meeting  the 
fraternity  line.  In  the  case  of  illegitimate  children,  the  descent  line 
is  dotted. 


88  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

For  purposes  of  reference  from  description  to  chart  each  sheet 
of  a  pedigree  is  numbered  serially  with  Arabic  numerals.  On  each 
sheet  the  generations  are  numbered  serially  at  the  left  margin  with 
Roman  numerals  (I,  II,  III,  etc.)  beginning  with  the  oldest  generation. 
In  each  generation  each  individual  symbol  is  numbered  with  Arabic 
numerals  from  left  to  right.  In  the  text  reference  is  made  to  an 
individual  on  the  chart  by  sheet,  generation  and  individual  number. 
Thus  1,  II,  17  means  the  first  sheet,  II  generation,  17th  individual 
symbol  from  the  left.  For  the  sake  of  uniformity  in  charting  the 
families,  the  paternal  side  of  the  family  is  placed  at  the  left  of  the 
chart,  the  maternal  side  at  the  right. 

(For  display  charts.  As  a  matter  of  convenience  and  as  an  aid 
in  tracing  the  patient's  immediate  family,  showing  at  a  glance  the  lines 
of  paternal  and  maternal  descent  of  the  defect,  the  descent  line  con- 
necting the  paternal  side  may  be  made  green.  Red  may  be  used  for 
the  lines  connecting  the  individuals  on  the  maternal  side.  That  the 
patient's  symbol  may  stand  out  more  prominently  and  make  the  read- 
ing of  the  chart  easier,  the  fraternity  to  which  he  or  she  belongs  may 
be  dropped  below  the  others.) 

Besides  the  lines  and  individual  symbols  a  nomenclature  is  used 
that  gives  in  brief  much  information  for  the  interpretation  of  the 
chart.  The  following  capital  letters  are  used  inside  or  around  the 
individual  svmbols  as  follows : 


A 

alcoholic,     decidedly    intem-           M    migrainous. 

perate, 

N     normal, 

B 

blind, 

Ne  neurotic. 

C 

criminalistic, 

P     paralytic. 

D 

deaf. 

S     syphilitic, 

E 

epileptic, 

Sx  sexually  immoral, 

F 

feeble-minded, 

T     tubercular, 

G 

gonorrheal, 

W    vagrant    (tramp,    confirmed 

I 

insane, 

runaway). 

An  index  hand  points  to  the  individual  whose  heredity  is  being 
studied. 

A  line  under  a  symbol  indicates  that  this  individual  is  or  has  been 
an  inmate  of  some  Institution. 

A  small  black  disc  at  the  end  of  an  individual  line  indicates  a 
still-birth  or  miscarriage. 


The  Famii.v-History   Book.  39 

\\'hcii  the  individual  is  the  sul)ject  of  several  defects  or  diseases, 
the  additional  letters  are  arranged  around  the  individual  symbol. 
Symbols  for  traits  that  are  not  designated  above  are  written  beneath 
the  individual  symbol.  When  no  letter  accompanies  the  individual 
symbol  it  means  that  no  definite  data  had  been  secured  at  the  time  the 
chart  was  made.  The  trait — alcoholism,  criminality,  deafness,  epilepsy, 
feeble-mindedness,  insanity,  etc. — which  the  field  worker  is  chiefly 
studying  may  be  called  the  primary  trait  for  the  chart  or  pedigree. 
An  individual  showing  the  primary  trait  is  represented  by  a  solid 
symbol,  printed  (if  desired)  in  color  with  the  corresponding  letter 
intaglio.'     These  symbols  are  shown  in  full  size  in  plate  V. 

In  studies  on  insanity  it  is  suggested  that  qualifying  lower  case 
letters,  used  singly  or  in  combination,  should,  whenever  possible,  be 
added  to  the  letter  I,  e.  g. : 

a     alcoholic  insanity, 

d     dementia  prsecox, 

g     general  paralysis  of  the  insane, 

m     manic  depressive  insanity, 

p     paranoia, 

s     senile  dementia, 

t     traumatic  insanity. 

On  the  pedigree  chart,  b  stands  for  born;  m,  for  married;  t  or  d, 
for  dead  or  died;  t  (or  d)  inf.  means  died  at  or  before  two  years  of 
age;  ^  (^)  young,  means  died  before  the  age  when  the  trait  normally 
develops  or  is  detectable ;  e.  g.,  with  feeble-mindedness  before  six 
years ;  with  epilepsy  before  fourteen ;  with  insanity  before  twenty. 

In  case  other  traits  or  causes  of  death  are  given  on  the  chart 
they  may  be  abbreviated  as  follows : 

bd  Bright's  disease,  cc  eccentricity, 

ca  cancer,  en  encephalitis, 

cb  childbirth,  go  goitre, 

(7/  chorea.  gp  general  paralysis  of  the  in- 
cr  cripple.  sane, 

(if  deformed.  hy  hysteria. 

dp  dementia  pr?ecox,  id  ill  defined  organic  disease, 

dt  delirium  tremens,  kd  kidney  disease, 

dy  dropsy,  la  locomotor  ataxia. 


^  Red  is  being:  used  for  epilepsy,  green  for  insanity,  violet  for  criminality, 
black  for  feeble-mindedness.  "When  the  individual  does  not  show  the  primary 
trait  or  associated  secondary  trait  he  is  marked  "N,"  but  this  does  not  neces- 
sarily mean  that  he  is  normal  in  all  respects. 


90  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

md  manic  depressive  insanity,  sco  scoliosis,     ' 

up  neuropathic  condition,  sd  senile  dementia, 

obs  obesity,  su  suicide, 

pa  paranoia,  i^a  varices,  varicose  veins, 

pn  pneumonia,  ^'^  vertigo, 

sh  shiftlessness,  x  unknown, 

sm  simple  meningitis,  F  implies  doubt. 
sb  softening  of  the  brain, 

When  preceded  by  a  t  (or  d)  the  term  indicates  the  cause  of  death. 

In  making  the  charts  rubber  stamps  may  be  used  to  advantage. 
Standard  sizes  of  these  may  be  obtained  from  Lewis  F.  Walton,  12 
South  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia.  Other  lettering  may  be  done  with 
a  typewriter.     (Plates  III,  IV.) 

•    3.      THE    DESCRIPTION. 

The  fidl  description  of  an  individual,  as  herein  contemplated, 
comprises  the  following  thirteen  points.  It  is  obtained  for  each  person 
in  the  family  so  far  as  practicable. 

1.  Name  (maiden  name  of  all  married  women;  method  of  spell- 
ing surname  preferred  by  the  family  to  be  ascertained  and  used.  First 
time  field  w^orker  uses  a  surname  in  her  report  it  is  to  be  written  in 
Gothic  capital  letters,  e.  g.,  dE  BOW)- 

2.  Sex,  if  not  sufficiently  indicated  by  name  (Frances,  Francis; 
Jessie,  Jesse;  Marion,  Marian;  etc.,  frequently  confused). 

3.  Date  of  birth.  (This  gives  order  of  birth,  age  at  time  of 
interview,  age  at  death,  if  dead,  etc.  Should  be  accurate  to  the  month. 
Useful  for  reference  to  town  and  vital  records.) 

4.  Place  of  birth.  (Tells  at  least  where  mother  was  at  given 
date  and  probably  locates  entire  family;  frequently  assists  in  helping 
to  connect  with  related  families  in  same  general  locality;  locates 
town  where  birth  records  may  be  sought.) 

5.  If  dead,  date  of  death  or  age  at  death  approximatey.  (Essen- 
tial in  getting  proportions  of  affected  among  those  who  reach  the 
age  of  incidence.) 

6.  Cause  of  death.  (Get  the  best  diagnosis  possible,  inquiring 
of  family  physician  where  practicable  and  learn  if  any  autopsy  was 
performed.  So  far  as  possible  use  the  terms  employed  in  "Causes  of 
Sickness  and  Death,"  United  States  Census  Bureau,  1910.  Field 
workers  should  study  this  list.     Xote  directions  given  in  paragraph 


The  Famii,v-1  lisTORY   Book.  91 

below   entitled    "Description   of   Traits   and   Causes   of    Sickness   and 
Death.") 

7.  Place  of  death.     (Useful  in  comparison  with  town  and  vital 
records.) 

8.  If  immigrant,  date  of  immigration  (steamship  and  port  of 
entry  where  possible). 

9.  Mental  and  physical  condition  of  each  person.  (Note  para- 
graph, "Description  of  Traits  and  Causes  of  Sickness  and  Death.") 

10.  If  married,  a  description  with  full  name  of  consort,  or  of 
consorts,  if  married  more  than  once;  of  the  children,  and  of  the 
consort's  parents. 

11.  Occupations,  whenever  possible. 

12.  A  general  description  of  the  home  influences,  environment 
and  education. 

13.  For  each  family,  the  sources  of  information.  (Names,  ad- 
dresses and  relationships  of  the  individual  who  is  being  primarily 
studied.) 

Description  of  Traits  and  Causes  of  Sickness  and  Death.  The 
field  worker  naturally  directs  inquiries  primarily  toward  the  specific 
trait  that  is  being  studied  (herein  called  primary  trait).  But  the 
opportunity  is  utilized  to  learn  of  other  traits  that  may  be  significantly 
or  incidentally  associated  with  the  primary  trait.  In  describing  traits, 
the  person  interviewed  is  encouraged  to  talk  freely  while  the  field 
worker  records  the  essential  points  in  the  description.  In  the  case 
of  the  primary  traits  too  much  detail  can  hardly  be  obtained,  and 
even  in  the  associated  traits  she  is  not  to  be  satisfied  with  vague  terms 
if  details  can  be  obtained.  N.  B.  Experience  indicate  that  it  is  not 
desirable  for  the  field  worker  to  use  a  printed  form  in  her  interviews. 

Such  vague  terms,  to  be  used  only  when  further  details  cannot 
be  obtained  are:  abscess,  without  cause  or  location;  accident:  decline, 
without  naming  disease ;  cancer,  without  specifying  organ  first  afifected ; 
con^^estion,  without  naming  organ  affected;  convidsions,  without  de- 
tails and  period  of  life;  fever;  heart  trouble  and  heart  failure;  in- 
sanity, without  details  (when  possible  distinguish  alcoholic  psychoses, 
progressive  or  general  paralysis,  senile  dementia,  softening  of  the 
brain,  on  the  one  hand,  and  such  forms  as  manic-depressive  insanity, 
melancholia,  paranoia,  dementia  praecox,  on  the  other)  ;  kidney  trouble; 
lung  trouble;  marasmus;  stomach  trouble.  The  following  data  are 
considered  especially  valuable  as  symptoms,  and  should  at  the  judg- 
ment of  the  field  worker  be  made  the  subject  of  inquiry:  alcoholism. 


92  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

venereal  disease  (including  gonorrhea  and  syphilis),  sexual  immorality, 
masturbation,  St.  A'itus'  dance  or  chorea,  and  sick  headaches. 

The  term  "normal"  should  be  used  only  to  indicate  that,  in  respect 
to  the  primary  traits  the  individual  is  believed  on  trustworthy  evidence 
to  be  like  most  people.  Normal  is  not  to  be  applied  to  persons  simply 
because  nothing  is  known  to  the  contrary. 

Limits  to  Pedigree.  How  far  among  collaterals  is  it  desirable  to 
extend  the  pedigree  ?  This  depends  on  the  nature  of  the  primary  trait. 
If,  as  in  the  case  of  most  defects,  it  is  due  to  the  absence  of  a  quality 
essential  to  normal  development  then  it  will  be  desirable  to  learn  at 
least  of  the  direct  ancestors  as  far  back  as  possible ;  the  fraternities 
to  which  the  parents  belong ;  the  offspring  of  all  members  of  such 
fraternities  and  the  parents  of  each  consort  when  there  are  children. 
Likewise,  each  of  the  members  of  the  four  grand  parental  fraternities, 
their  consorts  and  their  children,  their  children's  consorts  and  the 
children's  children.  If  the  patient  has  brothers  and  sisters  these  to- 
gether with  the  patient  are  studied  with  the  greatest  possible  care ; 
also  their  consorts  and  children,  if  any. 

If  the  trait  is  one  that  never  appears  in  the  children  unless  one 
parent  shows  it,  then  it  is  desirable  to  carry  back  the  direct  line  as 
far  as  possible  and  less  attention  need  be  paid  to  the  descendants  of 
certainly  normal  collaterals  beyond  what  is  necessary  to  establish  with 
certainty  the  law  of  inheritance. 

4.       METHODS    OF   ANALYSIS. 

A  brief  statement  of  the  Mendelian  rides  of  heredity.  So  many 
traits  are  inherited  in  accordance  with  the  Mendelian  rules  that  a 
brief  statement  of  them  is  appended.  But  the  field  worker  is  warned 
against  being  so  prejudiced  by  these  rules  that  her,  or  his,  judgment 
is  warped.  The  exact  facts  are  to  be  sought;  their  interpretation 
must  come  later.  So  far  as  possible  all  statements  should  be  verified. 
In  general  a  statement  may  be  regarded  as  verified  when  made  by  a 
second,  independent  witness. 

With  this  caution  in  mind  the  Mendelian  rules  will  be  found 
useful  in  directing  the  field  worker  in  her  inquiries.  First,  it  is  mi- 
portant  to  disabuse  the  mind  of  the  popular  error  that  traits  are  in- 
herited from  ancestors.  Strictly,  traits  are  not  inherited  at  all ;  what 
is  inherited  is  a  condition  of  the  reproductive  or  germ  cells  which 
determines  the  development  of  the  trait — the  trait  depends  on  the 
presence  or  absence  of  a  determiner  in  the  germ  cells. 


The  Famii-v-11istory   Book,  93 

Some  defects  that  the  field  worker  will  study,  such  as  albinism 
and  feeble-mindedness,  are  known  as  recessive  defects,  i.  e.,  they  are 
defects  due  to  the  absence  of  the  determiner  making  for  normality 
in  respect  to  these  traits.  Other  defects,  such  as  cataract  and  brachy- 
dactylism,  are  dominant  defects,  which  means  that  they  are  due  to  the 
presence  of  some  germinal  determiner  in  addition  to  all  the  determiners 
for  normality  in  respect  to  these  characteristics.  Thus,  in  respect  to 
one  character  there  are  three  gametic  and  two  somatic  types  of 
individuals.  Somatically,  the  individual  has  or  has  not  the  defect ; 
these  are  the  two  somatic  types.  Gametically  the  germ  plasm  of  the 
individual  may  possess  alternately  germ  cells  with  and  without  the 
determiner  studied;  an  individual  carrying  such  a  germ  plasm  is  said 
to  be  simplex  and  somatically  cannot  be  easily  distinguished  from  a 
duplex  individual  in  which  every  germ  cell  possesses  the  determiner 
in  question.  The  third  gametic  type  is  said  to  be  nulliplex  in  which 
none  of  the  germ  cells  possess  the  determiner  in  question.  There 
are  thus  six  types  of  gametic  matings  in  reference  to  a  single  char- 
acter ;  these  types  may  be  expressed  as  follows : 

Type  1.  (D  +  D)  X  (D  +  D)  =  4  DD 

"      2.  (D  +  D)  X  (D  +  R) -=2DD  +  2DR 

''      3.  (D  +  D)  X  (R  +  R)  =4DR 

-      4.  (D-f  R)  X  (D  +  R)  =DD  +  2DR  +  RR 

"      0.  (D  +  D)  X  (R  +  R)  =2DR-f  2RR 

''      6.  (R  +  R)  X  (R  +  R)  =4RR 

D  stands  for  the  determiner  for  the  trait  studied  and  R  stands  for 
its  absence. 

The  field  worker  must  understand  that  research,  seeking  to  un- 
ravel the  laws  of  inheritance  must  work  out  the  gametic  nature  of 
each  individual  studied,  hence  the  necessity  of  extending  the  pedigree 
to  all  ancestors  with  collaterals,  descendants  and  consorts  of  all  individ- 
uals the  make-up  of  whose  germ  plasm  it  is  desired  to  understand. 
For  example,  by  hypothesis,  feeble-mindedness  is  for  the  most  part 
a  recessive  trait  and  the  hypothesis  must  be  tested  as  follows :  The 
field  worker  finds  a  person  suffering  from  feeble-mindedness,  a 
descendant  of  two  normal  parents — by  hypothesis  both  of  these  parents 
are  simplex;  the  field  worker  must  understand  that  each  parent  will 
probably  have  somewhere  in  his  or  her  ancestry  a  feeble-minded 
person  and  it  is  the  business  of  the  field  worker  to  make  a  special 
search  for  such  person  or  persons  in  the  pedigree. 


94  Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 

Criticism  of  an  actual  pedigree  reported  by  a  field  zvorker.  (Plate 
II.)  This  study  begins  with  the  epileptic  boy  III — 7.  The  principal 
thing,  of  course,  is  to  describe  accurately  all  of  the  brothers  and 
sisters  of  the  affected  person,  they,  being  produced  by  the  union  of  the 
same  two  germ  plasms,  will  throw  light  on  the  make-up  of  such  germ 
plasm.  The  pedigree  is  to  be  criticised  from  this  standpoint.  More 
information  should  be  got  concerning  III — G,  8  and  9.  The  field  worker 
at  once  notes  that  the  mating  II — 5  and  G  is  the  most  important  one 
to  be  studied  in  that  this  mating  produced  the  fraternity  just  de- 
scribed. The  father,  described  as  feeble-minded,  should  form  the 
basis  of  an  extended  study.  It  is  noted  that  his  parents  died  at  an 
old  age  but  nothing  further  is  known  of  either  of  them.  If  possible, 
they  should  be  proven  to  be  either  normal  or  nervously  affected. 
If  normal,  then  it  will  be  a  profitable  expenditure  of  time  to  search 
the  ancestry  and  complete  fraternities  of  each  for  aft"ected  individuals, 
in  order  thoroughly  to  test  the  hypothesis  in  this  mating.  Likewise 
the  mating  I — 1  and  2  should  be  studied  with  a  view  to  determining 
the  nature  of  I — 2  ;  it  is  apparent  that  if  I — 2  is  normal  all  of  his 
five  children  should  also  be  normal,  and  if  they  were  so  it  would  not 
be  profitable  to  spend  very  much  time  in  tracing  further  his  blood. 
The  fraternities  II — 1  to  5  and  II — G  to  12  should  be  more  thoroughly 
studied  in  that  a  detailed  knowledge  of  each  will  throw  light  on  the 
nature  of  the  germ  plasm  producing  II — 5  and  6.  More  should  also 
be  known  concerning  the  consort  of  II — 7  and  her  ''blood,"  inasmuch 
as  this  mating  was  productive  of  abnormal  offspring.  The  other 
consorts  of  the  II  generation  are  not  so  important,  if  on  investigation 
the  offspring  prove  all  to  be  normal.  Likewise  the  consorts  of  III  are 
not  so  important  because  their  children  are  all  very  young;  however, 
for  study  a  few  years  hence  it  would  be  highly  desirable  to  have  these 
persons  accurately  described,  and  such  description  should  be  made  if 
the  requisite  information  can  be  secured  without  too  great  an  expendi- 
ture of  time. 

In  this  pedigree  the  field  worker  has  charted  the  males  to  the 
right  and  the  females  to  the  left;  this  should  be  reversed  for  the 
sake  of  uniformity  of  practice.  Indicate  the  year  of  birth  on  the 
pedigree  only  in  the  case  of  young  children.  This  pedigree  contains 
few  persons  marked  (N),  normal.  It  is  highly  desirable  that  every 
person  studied  should  be  so  thoroughly  described  that  he  or  she  can 
either  be  safely  marked  (N)  or  given  a  proper  mark  designating  the 
type  of  abnormality  possessed. 


The  I'^AMav-llisToKv  Book.  95 

Appendix   1. 

Forms  for  written  Description  of  the  Chart. 

A. 

Name  No. 

Date 

Source  of  infonnation. 

a.  name.     b.  relation  to  patient,     c.  address. 
The  patient  and  his  home. 

a.  Description  of  the  patient. 

b.  Neighborhood. — good,  fair,  bad. 

c.  Housing. — tenement,  separate  house,  number  of  rooms'  used,  condition. 

d.  Home  treatment. — good,  bad,  fair,  neglected. 

e.  Number    in    the    household. — adults,    number    normal,    number    defective; 

children,  number  normal,  number  defective ;  number  of  boarders. 

f.  Financial  condition. — good,  moderate,  poor,  very  poor. 

g.  Education. — time  in  school,  grade  attended,  reason  for  leaving. 

A  description  of  the  individuals  on  the  chart,  covering  the  points  mentioned 
in  the  text   (pages  90  and  91),  is  written  up  under  the  following  headings: 
The  patient's  fraternity. 
The  patient's  father  and  his  fraternity. 
The  patient's  father's  parents  and  their  fraternities. 
The  patient's  mother  and  her  fraternity. 
The  patient's  mother's  parents  and  their  fraternities. 

B. 

Suggested  in  the  case  of  extended  pedigrees,  particularly  those  made  inde- 
pendently of  institutions. 

General  statement  relating  to  locality  (exact  position,  topography,  density 
of  population  and,  in  rural  localities,  adaptability  to  agriculture),  housing,  social 
condition,  and  origin. 

Order  of  personal  descriptions.  Begin  with  earliest  generation,  describe 
father,  mother  and  all  their  children.  Take  the  oldest  married  child  (at  left 
hand  end  of  fraternity)  describe  his  consort  and  their  progeny.  Next  describe 
their  oldest  married  child,  his  or  her  consort  and  progeny  and  so  on,  to  the 
youngest  generation.  Then  return  to  the  next  married  sib  of  the  next  to  the 
youngest  fraternity  already  described,  and  give  an  account  of  his  consort  and 
their  children,  and  so  continue,  working  from  left  to  right  until  all  fraternities 
have  been  described.  For  example,  in  Plate  I  the  following  order  is  followed : 
I,  1.  2.  3,  n  1,  2,  3,  H  (2),  7.  Ill  1;  H  (3),  4.  HI  2,  3,  4,  5.  6.  7,  8.  I  4,5.  H  (4)  5,6. 


96 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


Plate  I. 
Example  of  a  simple  pedigree  chart. 


II 


III 


N 


o 


^ 


5^..     6 


2 3 


A    A 


4        5       6       7 


In]  'i  '^  i'O  '6'it 


The  Family-History   Book. 


97 


Plate  II. 


98 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Buli^etin  No.  7. 


Plate  III. 
Hypothetical  pedigree,  illustrating  use  of  symbols. 


V  w  i  n  a 


b-1905   b-1908 


'Reform  School         ''Orphsui  AByluma. 
•^Home  for  Feeble  minded  Women. 


The  Famii.y-TTtstory   Book. 


99 


Plate  IV. 

Hypothetical  pedigree,  illustrating  use  of  symbols. 


•D-:-'Q 


II 


to 


d-   65 


2    ' 

d-50 


III 


ffW'% 


^  'd-.Q 


t]';n  ;'□';'□ 


i 

I  I 

I  J 


i  I 

I  I 


ti 


Incest 
I 


I  I 


■d  '(t)  'a  '6   \k 


7^   8^  9. 


d-18 
tTphold. 
fever'' 


b-1885 


b-189o  b-     b-1893 
1891 


Alms  Houue. 


100 


Eugenics  Record  Office,  Bulletin  No.  7. 


Plate  V. 
KEY  TO  HEREDITY  CHART. 

Other  letters  used  in  or 


Male. 


Female. 


Red 


Black 


Green 


Violet 


D  O 

o 
o 


around  the  squares  or  cir- 
cles are : 


No  Data. 


Epileptic. 


Feeble-minded. 


Alcoholic. 

Blind. 

Deaf. 


BO 


Insane. 


Criminalistic. 


A 

B 
D 

|^#l  Migraneous. 

N 

Ne. 

1^    Paralytic. 

X  Y     Sexually  immoral. 

^^    Syph 

T 

w 


Normal. 
Neurotic. 


lilitic. 
Tubercular. 


Wanderer  or  con- 
firmed runaway. 


FIGURES. 

i.\bove  the  line — Order  in  the  line  of  birth. 

Above  the  square  or  circle — Individual  reference  number. 

Below  the  square  or  circle — Age  at  time  of  death  or  date  of  birth  or  death. 

In  squares  or  circles — Number  of  individuals  of  that  sex. 

SMALL  LETTERS. 

b — Born.  t  or  (d) — ^Died  or  dead, 

t  (d)  inf. — Died  in  infancy.  m — Married. 

LINES. 

Solid — Connects  married  individuals  and  fraternities. 
Dotted — Not  married  or  illegitimate. 
For     r  Green — Paternal  side  )  of  individual  under  study, 
display  <  Red — Maternal  side    ( 
charts.     Violet — Connects  related  charts  or  individuals  on  more  than  one  chart. 

SYMBOLS. 

Shows  patient  at  institution  reporting. 

Miscarriage  or  stillbirth. 


TllK    FAMll-V-illSTUKV     liuoK. 


101 


» •  ,  ».    1   > 


Plate  VI. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  ABBREVIATIONS  ADOPTED, 

To  be  used  zvith  full  face  symbols. 


I       alcoholic  insanity. 
I  J    dementia  precox. 

(general  paralysis  of  the  insane. 
I       manic  depressive  insanity. 


P. 


I 


s. 


paranoia. 


senile  dementia. 


I  ,     traumatic  insanity. 


T<9  be  written  on  chart. 


bd 

Bright's  disease. 

/(/ 

locomotor  ataxia. 

ca 

cancer. 

nid 

manic  depressive  insar 

cb 

childbirth. 

up 

neuropathic  condition. 

ch 

chorea. 

obs 

obesity. 

cr 

cripple. 

pa 

paranoia. 

df 

deformed. 

pn 

pneumonia. 

dp 

dementia  precox. 

sh 

shiftlessness. 

dt 

delirium  tremens. 

sm 

simple  meningitis. 

dy 

dropsy. 

sb 

softening  of  the  brain. 

cc 

eccentricity. 

SCO 

scoliosis. 

en 

encephalitis. 

sd 

senile  dementia. 

go 

goitre. 

.  su 

suicide. 

gp 

general  paralysis  of  the  insane. 

va 

varices,   varicose   veins, 

hy 

hysteria. 

ve 

vertigo. 

id 

ill-defined  organic  disease. 

X 

unknown. 

kd 

kidney  disease. 

f 

implies  doubt. 

t 


American  Breeders'  Association — Eugenics  Section 

E.  E.  SOUTHARD,  Chairman.  C.  B.  DAVENPORT.  Secretary 

The  Eugenics  Record  Office 

Cold  Spring  Harbor,  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

ESTABLISHED  in  October,  1910,  this  office  aims  to  fill  the 
need  of  a  clearing  house  for  data  concerning  "blood  lines" 
and  family  traits  in  America.  It  is  accumulating  and  studying 
records  of  mental  and  physical  characteristics  of  human  families 
to  the  end  that  the  people  may  be  better  advised  as  to  fit  and 
unfit  matings.  It  issues  blank  schedules  (sent  on  application) 
for  the  use  of  those  who  wish  to  preserve  a  record  of  their  family 
histories. 

The  Eugenics  Section  and  its  Record  Office  are  a  develop- 
ment from  the  former  committee  on  Eugenics,  comprising  well- 
known  students  of  heredity  and  humanists;  among  others  Alex- 
ander Graham  Bell,  Washington,  D.  C;  Luther  Burbank,  Santa 
Rosa,  Cal.;  W.  E.  Castle,  Harvard  University;  C.  R.  Henderson, 
University  of  Chicago;  Adolf  Meyer,  Johns  Hopkins  University; 
J.  Arthur  Thomson,  University  of  Aberdeen;  H.  J.  Webber,  Cor- 
nell University;  Frederick  A.  Woods,  Harvard  Medical  School. 
The  work  of  the  Record  Office  is  aided  by  the  advice  of  a  number 
of  technical  committees.  Its  superintendent  is  H.  H.  Laughlin, 
Cold  Spring  Harbor,  N.  Y.,  to  whom  correspondence  may  be 
addressed. 


PUBLICATIONS 

Bulletin   No.    1.     Heredity  of   Feeblemindedness.     H.   H.    Goddard.   April, 

1911.  10  cents. 

Bulletin  No.  2.  The  Study  of  Human  Heredity.  C.  B.  Davenport,  H.  H. 
Laughlin,  David  F.  Weeks,  E.  R.  Johnstone,  Henry  H.  Goddard,  May,  1911. 
10  cents. 

Bulletin  No.  3.  Preliminary  Report  of  a  Study  of  Heredity  in  Insanity  in 
the  Light  of  the  Mendelian  Laws.  Gertrude  L.  Cannon  and  A.  J.  Rosanoff, 
May,  1911.      10  cents. 

Bulletin  No.  4.  A  First  Study  of  Inheritance  in  Epilepsy.  C.  B.  Daven- 
port and  David  F.  Weeks,  November,  1911.      15  cents. 

Bulletin  No.  5.  A  Study  of  Heredity  of  Insanity  in  the  Light  of  the  Men- 
delian Theory.  A.  J.  Rosanoff  and  Florence  I.  Orr,  November,  1911.  10 
cents. 

Bulletin  No.  6.  The  Trait  Book.  C.  B.  Davenport,  February,  1912.  10 
cents. 

Memoir  No.  1 .  The  Hill  Folk.  Report  on  a  Rural  Community  of  Hered- 
itary Defectives.     Florence  H.   Danielson  and  Charles  B.  Davenport,  August, 

1912.  75  cents. 

Memoir  No.  2.     The  Nam  Family.     A  Study  in  Cacogenics.     Arthur  H. 
E^tabrook  and  Charles  B.  Davenport,  September,  1912.     $1.00. 
Record  of  Family  Traits.      Free. 


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